Wildlife species list to observe | Wildlife Photographer App

Alpine accentor

Prunella collaris

The alpine accentor is a small mountain passerine, 14–15 cm long, with streaked grey-brown plumage and a slightly darker head. It inhabits alpine rocky slopes, scree, and high meadows, feeding on insects, seeds, and berries. During the breeding season, males and females establish territories and the male performs song flights to attract the female.

Dunnock

Prunella modularis

The dunnock is a small passerine, 12–14 cm long, with streaked brownish-grey plumage, an unobtrusive posture and a quick, darting flight. It inhabits hedgerows, woodland edges and gardens, feeding on seeds and insects searched for on the ground or in foliage. During the breeding season, the male sings from a low perch to attract the female and defend a compact territory.

Wedge-tailed eagle

Aquila audax

The wedge-tailed eagle is a large raptor measuring 0.9–1.3 m with dark brown plumage and long, slender wings. It inhabits savannas, open woodlands, plains and cliffs, feeding mainly on mammals, birds and reptiles. During nesting, pairs build large stick nests in trees or on cliffs.

Booted Eagle

Hieraaetus pennatus

The Booted Eagle is an elegant raptor, known for its narrow wings and ability to move quickly through the air. Found mainly in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, this eagle is often seen hunting small mammals and birds in open landscapes such as meadows or fields. While it is smaller than other eagles, its agile flight and hunting technique make it an impressive bird. During courtship displays, the Booted Eagle performs aerial acrobatics, where males dive in spirals before quickly climbing to attract the attention of females.

Common eagle

Aquila clanga

The Greater Spotted Eagle is an imposing raptor, recognizable by its dark plumage and robust silhouette. This large eagle is mainly found in Eastern Europe and Asia, where it hunts large mammals, birds, and sometimes even reptiles. It mainly inhabits open landscapes such as meadows, steppe areas, and marshes. Its powerful call, which is the source of its name, is often seen as a symbol of strength and sovereignty in local cultures. During the breeding season, the Greater Spotted Eagle performs majestic flights and powerful calls to mark its territory and attract a mate.

Philippine eagle

Pithecophaga jefferyi

The Philippine eagle is one of the largest eagles in the world and the national emblem of the Philippines. This majestic raptor is recognizable by the plume crest on its head and its piercing gaze. It primarily lives in the tropical forests of the Philippine mountains, where it hunts primates, reptiles, and other small mammals. Due to massive deforestation and hunting, the Philippine eagle is now considered critically endangered. Its population has drastically declined in recent decades, and conservation efforts are underway to protect this unique species.

Eastern imperial eagle

Aquila heliaca

The Eastern imperial eagle is a large raptor measuring 68–90 cm in body length and spanning 1.76–2.2 m, with dark brown plumage, a pale golden head and contrasting white shoulder patches. It inhabits mature forest edges, wooded mosaics and open steppes across southeastern Europe and Central Asia, hunting primarily small mammals, birds and reptiles by stoop or soaring flight.

Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle

Spizaetus melanoleucus

The Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle is an elegant forest raptor of tropical America, measuring between 51 and 61 cm in length with a wingspan of 110 to 135 cm. It is distinguished by its contrasting plumage: white head, neck, and underparts; black wings and back; and a tail barred with black and white. A small black crest adorns its head, and a black band crosses its yellow eyes. This predator inhabits humid tropical forests, forest edges, and open woodlands from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. It primarily hunts arboreal birds like toucans and parrots, but also preys on mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it is sensitive to deforestation and habitat fragmentation.

Ornate Hawk-Eagle

Spizaetus ornatus

The Ornate Hawk-Eagle is a forest raptor from tropical America, measuring between 58 and 67 cm in length. It features a raised black crest, rufous head and flanks, a white throat bordered with black, and a black-and-white barred underside. Juveniles have paler plumage with a white head. An agile predator, it primarily hunts medium to large birds (toucans, parrots, tinamous), arboreal mammals (squirrels, agoutis), and occasionally reptiles. It inhabits primary and secondary humid tropical forests from southern Mexico to Argentina. Deforestation and hunting have led to population declines, classifying it as Near Threatened by the IUCN.

Lesser spotted eagle

Aquila pomarina

The lesser spotted eagle is a medium-sized eagle, 62–68 cm long with a 145–165 cm wingspan, pale brown head and wing coverts contrasting with darker plumage, and usually a white 'V' on the rump. It inhabits open or lightly wooded country, feeding mainly on small mammals, birds and reptiles. During breeding, males perform undulating display flights and vocalize to attract females and defend territories.

Tawny Eagle

Aquila rapax

The Tawny Eagle, or Aquila rapax, is a majestic bird of prey found mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. This raptor is recognizable by its golden-brown plumage, broad wings, and relatively short tail. It measures between 60 and 75 cm in length with a wingspan of up to 2 meters. Preferring savannas, steppes, and semi-deserts, it primarily feeds on carrion but also hunts small mammals and birds. Its call is a piercing whistle, often heard during the breeding season. Although a solitary hunter, it can be seen in groups around carcasses.

Royal Eagle

Aquila chrysaetos

The Golden Eagle is one of the most majestic raptors, easily recognized by its golden-brown plumage and imposing silhouette. This large eagle is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, from the mountains of Europe and Asia to the more arid regions of North America. It primarily hunts medium-sized mammals but can also target larger birds. The Golden Eagle is a solitary bird, known for its flying prowess and its ability to cover great distances in search of food. During the breeding season, the Golden Eagle performs spectacular courtship displays, where males execute aerial acrobatics to impress females.

Little Egret

Egretta garzetta

The Little Egret is an elegant bird, easily recognized by its pure white plumage and long black legs. It is mainly found in wetland areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa, where it hunts small fish, insects, and crustaceans. This small heron is known for its graceful behavior, moving slowly through shallow waters to spot its prey. During the breeding season, it sports spectacular nuptial plumes that add to its beauty. The Little Egret is a social bird, often feeding in groups in marshes and lagoons, creating scenes of great beauty.

Black-browed albatross

Thalassarche melanophrys

The black-browed albatross is a large seabird in the family Diomedeidae, measuring 90–100 cm in length with narrow wings spanning 200–230 cm, and characterized by a pale head marked by black brow streaks. It inhabits temperate to subantarctic oceanic waters and coastal areas, feeding mainly on fish and squid captured at the surface or by shallow dives, and breeds in large colonies on subantarctic islands. During the breeding season, pairs nest on coastal cliffs or grasslands and lay a single egg.

Royal albatross

Diomedea epomophora

The Royal Albatross is one of the largest and most majestic species of albatross, easily recognizable by its long, tapered wings that can span up to 3 meters. This seabird, which frequents the Australian and Antarctic oceans, is a master of gliding flight, capable of covering vast distances without flapping its wings. The Royal Albatross hunts fish and squid, which it captures with great precision by diving from the air. During the breeding season, the Royal Albatross performs complex courtship dances to attract a mate, an impressive display that reflects the majesty of this bird.

Lesser short-toed lark

Calandrella brachydactyla

The lesser short-toed lark is a small passerine, 12–14 cm long, with streaked brown-grey plumage, a darker crown, and pale throat. It inhabits dry grasslands, steppes, and cereal fields across Europe, Asia, and North Africa, feeding mainly on insects and seeds on the ground. During breeding (April to July), the male performs song flights and ground displays to attract the female.

Eurasian skylark

Alauda arvensis

The Eurasian skylark is a small passerine of 15–17 cm with streaked brown plumage and pale underparts. It inhabits grasslands, cultivated fields and fallow land, feeding on seeds and insects on the ground or in flight. During the breeding season, males perform hovering song flights to attract females and defend territory.

Lulu’s lark

Lullula arborea

The Lulu's lark is a small lark found primarily in meadows, heathlands, and open fields across Europe and Asia. It is distinguished by its streaked brown plumage, light belly, and its discreet ground movements. This small bird is particularly known for its powerful song, which it performs in flight during its courtship displays. The Lulu’s lark primarily feeds on insects and seeds, which it searches for in low vegetation or on the ground.

Anhinga

Anhinga anhinga

The Anhinga, also known as the "snakebird," is a captivating aquatic bird. It is characterized by its long, sinuous neck and sharp beak, ideal for catching fish. Its plumage is predominantly black with metallic sheens, and its wings feature distinctive silver patterns. Unlike other water birds, the Anhinga lacks oil glands to waterproof its feathers, making it more adept at diving deep to hunt. After fishing, it must dry its wings by spreading them in the sun. It is primarily found in swamps, lakes, and rivers of Central and South America.

African Pygmy Goose

Nettapus auritus

The Nettapus auritus, or African Pygmy Goose, is a small African duck with distinctive plumage. Males have a white head with metallic green patches, while females display more subdued tones. Their body is mainly brown with greenish reflections on the wings. These aquatic birds prefer wetlands such as marshes and shallow lakes where they feed on seeds and aquatic plants. They are often seen in small groups and are known for their fast, direct flight. Their behavior is generally suspicious, making them difficult to approach.

Blue-and-yellow Macaw

Ara ararauna

The Blue-and-yellow Macaw, or Ara ararauna, is a striking parrot native to the tropical forests of South America. Known for its vibrant blue plumage and bright yellow belly, this bird is a symbol of Amazonian biodiversity. Measuring about 86 cm in length, it has a strong beak suited for consuming nuts and fruits. Sociable and intelligent, the Blue-and-yellow Macaw lives in groups and communicates through a variety of calls. It plays a crucial role in seed dispersal, aiding forest regeneration. Unfortunately, it is threatened by deforestation and illegal trade, although conservation efforts are underway to protect its natural habitat.

Red-and-green Macaw

Ara chloropterus

The Red-and-green Macaw, scientifically known as Ara chloropterus, is a large parrot species native to the tropical rainforests of South America. It is renowned for its striking red plumage, complemented by green and blue on its wings and tail. These macaws are highly intelligent and social, often seen in pairs or small family groups. They feed primarily on fruits, nuts, and seeds. With a length of about 90 to 95 cm and a wingspan that can be quite impressive, they are a sight to behold. In captivity, they can live up to 50 years, making them a long-term commitment for bird enthusiasts.

Scarlet macaw

Ara macao

The Scarlet Macaw is one of the most iconic and colorful parrots, easily recognized by its vibrant red, blue, and yellow plumage. This large parrot primarily inhabits the humid tropical forests of Central and South America, where it feeds on fruits, nuts, and seeds. The Scarlet Macaw is a social bird, living in groups and possessing a highly developed vocal behavior. Its powerful call is often heard throughout the forest canopy. It is also known for its ability to fly long distances, gliding with grace and agility. Unfortunately, the Scarlet Macaw is threatened in certain regions due to habitat loss and illegal wildlife trade. Conservation efforts are underway to protect this majestic species.

Rothschild's astrapia

Astrapia rothschildi

Native to the mountains of New Guinea, Rothschild's astrapia is a bird with vibrant colors, featuring an outstanding plumage of iridescent green, blue, and purple. The male is particularly spectacular, with a long tail and feathers adorned with bright colors. This bird is primarily frugivorous but also feeds on insects and small animals. Threatened by habitat loss, Rothschild's astrapia is a protected species.

Goshawk

Accipiter gentilis

The Northern Goshawk is an elegant and powerful raptor, known for its slender silhouette and rapid, erratic flight through dense forests. This medium-sized hawk primarily inhabits temperate forests in Europe, Asia, and North America, where it hunts birds, primarily wood pigeons, doves, and sometimes smaller prey. The Northern Goshawk is an exceptional hunter, using its speed and precise aerial maneuvers to catch its prey. Despite its remarkable flying skills, the Northern Goshawk is discreet and often difficult to spot, preferring to blend into its forest environment. While not currently threatened, habitat loss and human disturbance pose risks to its population.

Ostrich

Struthio camelus

The Ostrich is the largest living bird on Earth, known for its impressive size and powerful long legs that allow it to run at remarkable speeds, reaching up to 70 km/h. Native to Africa, the Ostrich inhabits savannas and desert regions, where it primarily feeds on plants, seeds, and small insects. Although it cannot fly, its wings and plumage help it maintain balance and protect itself from the sun. The Ostrich is a social bird, living in groups and known for its interesting defense behaviors. When threatened, it can run at high speeds to flee or crouch to blend into the ground, a method that helps it escape predators.

Somali ostrich

Struthio molybdophanes

The Somali ostrich, also called the blue-necked ostrich, is a large flightless bird standing 1.5–2.7 m tall and weighing 90–156 kg, with black plumage and a pale blue-gray head and neck in males, and brown plumage in females. Endemic to the Horn of Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya), it inhabits dry savannas, grasslands and sparse thornbush, feeding mainly on plants, seeds and insects. Solitary or in small groups, it relies on its remarkable speed to evade predators.

Pied Avocet

Recurvirostra avosetta

The Pied Avocet is a graceful bird, easily recognizable by its long, upturned bill and striking black-and-white plumage. This bird inhabits wetlands, lagoons, and estuaries in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The Avocet primarily feeds on small aquatic invertebrates, which it catches by sweeping its bill characteristicly through the water. Its flight is light and elegant, and it often moves in small groups, creating scenes of great beauty. During the breeding season, the Pied Avocet exhibits courtship behaviors where males display their plumage and perform graceful movements to attract females.

Osprey

Pandion haliaetus

The Osprey is a remarkable raptor, easily identifiable by its white and brown plumage and keen eyes. This large bird of prey is specialized in fishing, catching fish by diving at high speed from the air. It is mainly found near lakes, rivers, and coastal areas in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, where it builds large nests on trees or pylons. The Osprey is a solitary bird and an extremely precise hunter, often seen hovering over the water before diving to catch its prey. Despite its great agility and ability to catch fish, the Osprey is vulnerable to water pollution and habitat destruction. Conservation efforts are underway to protect this iconic species.

Black-tailed Godwit

Limosa limosa

The Black-tailed Godwit is an elegant wader, easily recognizable by its long, slightly curved bill and long legs. It primarily inhabits wetlands and estuaries in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, where it feeds on aquatic invertebrates, worms, and insects, which it detects in the soft sediments along the shores. The Black-tailed Godwit is also known for its long migration, covering great distances between its breeding grounds in temperate regions and its wintering sites in warmer areas. During the breeding season, males perform spectacular courtship displays, flying gracefully and emitting distinctive calls to attract females.

Bar-tailed Godwit

Limosa lapponica

The Bar-tailed Godwit is a remarkable wader, easily recognized by its distinctive plumage, which varies from reddish-brown to gray and white, and its long, slightly downward-curved bill. It primarily inhabits coastal areas and wetlands in Europe and Asia, where it feeds on small marine invertebrates, mollusks, and insects, which it detects in the sediment. The Bar-tailed Godwit is a migratory bird, covering great distances between its breeding grounds in the Arctic regions and its wintering areas in more temperate zones. During the breeding season, the Bar-tailed Godwit engages in particularly interesting nesting behavior, establishing nests on the ground in grasses or boggy areas.

Secretarybird

Terathopius ecaudatus

The Savanna Hawk is an impressive bird of prey, easily recognized by its light brown plumage and large wings, which allow it to fly with agility over the grasslands and savannas of sub-Saharan Africa. This bird is particularly known for its unique hunting techniques, where it chases and captures insects, small mammals, and birds, often flying at low altitudes at high speeds. The Savanna Hawk gets its name from its erratic behavior, often seen during its swift and precise attacks. The Savanna Hawk is a solitary bird, building its nest in trees, often at great heights, to avoid predators. While not currently threatened, the loss of its habitat due to human expansion could pose a risk to its population.

Crossbill

Loxia curvirostra

The crossbill is a passerine bird found primarily in coniferous forests across Europe, Asia, and North America. It is easily recognized by its bright red plumage in males and its crossed bill, which allows it to extract seeds from pine cones and other conifers. This small bird is often seen in groups, primarily feeding on tree seeds. It is also known for its melodious song.

Shoebill stork

Balaeniceps rex

The Shoebill stork is a majestic and imposing bird, easily recognized by its large, shoe-shaped bill that allows it to capture fish and small aquatic animals. It is found primarily in swamps, lakes, and wetlands of East Africa, especially in Sudan, Uganda, and Rwanda. This large wader is a slow yet precise predator, sometimes waiting for long hours before striking its prey. The Shoebill is a vulnerable species due to habitat loss and hunting.

Woodcock

Scolopax rusticola

The Woodcock is a discreet and nocturnal bird, difficult to spot due to its speckled plumage that allows it to blend perfectly into the undergrowth of forests in Europe and Asia. This bird, with its silent flight, is primarily insectivorous, feeding on earthworms, insects, and small arthropods it finds by probing the ground with its long, straight bill. The Woodcock is known for its erratic flights and mysterious calls during the breeding season, often heard as a "wingbeat" in the woods. It leads a quiet and solitary life, creating a nest on the ground, well-hidden among dense vegetation. Although its population is relatively stable, the Woodcock is sometimes threatened by deforestation and disturbance of its natural habitats.

Sanderling

Calidris alba

The Sanderling is a small wader with a subtle plumage, mostly white and light gray, known for its quick movements along the shore to capture marine insects, crustaceans, and mollusks. This small migratory bird inhabits beaches and coastal areas of Europe, Asia, North America, and South America, primarily feeding at low tide. The Sanderling is often seen in groups, moving in perfect synchronization, a fascinating sight to observe. During migration, it covers long distances, leaving the cold regions of winter to reach temperate or tropical beaches where it finds food. While not currently threatened, it is sensitive to human disturbance and the loss of its coastal habitats.

Dunlin

Calidris alpina

The Dunlin is a small, graceful wader, easily recognizable by its plumage that changes with the seasons, transitioning from gray-brown in winter to more contrasting black and white tones during breeding. This small bird primarily inhabits coastal areas of Europe, Asia, and North America, where it feeds on marine invertebrates, primarily worms and mollusks, which it finds by probing the sand and mud. The Dunlin exhibits social behavior and is often seen in groups, especially during migration. This migratory wader covers long distances, leaving the cold regions of winter to reach more temperate or tropical areas for feeding and breeding. While relatively common, it can be affected by the disturbance of its coastal habitats.

Purple sandpiper

Calidris maritima

The Purple Sandpiper is a small wader distinguished by its plumage, which features shades of gray, brown, and purple, especially visible during the breeding season. This small bird primarily inhabits the Arctic coasts of Europe and North America, feeding on small marine invertebrates, mainly crustaceans and mollusks, which it finds in the mud and sand of beaches. The Purple Sandpiper is a long-distance migrant, covering vast distances between its breeding grounds in the Arctic regions and its wintering areas in more temperate zones. The social behavior of the Purple Sandpiper is also noteworthy, often seen in large groups during migration. While this species is still relatively abundant, it can be affected by disturbance to its coastal habitats and climate change.

Common Snip

Gallinago gallinago

The Common Snipe is an elegant small wader, easily recognized by its long, slender bill and mottled brown and beige plumage. This bird primarily inhabits marshes, wet meadows, and riverbanks in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, where it feeds on aquatic invertebrates, mainly worms, insects, and mollusks. The Common Snipe uses its long, flexible bill to probe the mud in search of food. It is a migratory bird, leaving the cold regions of winter to move to more temperate zones for breeding. While its population is relatively stable, the Common Snipe is sensitive to habitat changes and water pollution.

Jack Snip

Gallinago media

The Great Snipe is an elegant wader, easily recognized by its mottled brown and beige plumage and two long white bands visible on its wings, from which it gets its name. This species, slightly larger than the Common Snipe, inhabits marshes, wetlands, and riverbanks in Europe and Asia, where it primarily feeds on worms, insects, and small crustaceans found in the mud. The Great Snipe is a particularly discreet bird, often blending into its environment. Migratory, it covers long distances between its breeding grounds in Europe and its wintering sites in North Africa and Asia. Although less abundant than other waders, the Great Snipe is affected by habitat loss and changes in the hydrological regime in its breeding areas.

Great Snipe

Lymnocryptes minimus

The Jack Snipe is a small, discreet wader, often difficult to spot due to its cryptic plumage that blends perfectly with its environment. This small bird, with its brown and mottled plumage, primarily inhabits marshes and bogs in Northern Europe and Asia. It feeds on invertebrates, mainly worms, insects, and mollusks, which it finds by probing the mud with its short, straight bill. The Jack Snipe adopts a stealthy behavior and is often observed hiding in dense vegetation or freezing when threatened. While more difficult to observe due to its discretion, it is threatened by habitat loss and changes in the hydrological regime in its breeding areas.

Gray wagtail

Motacilla cinerea

The gray wagtail is a small bird found primarily near rivers, streams, and wetlands across Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. This passerine bird is distinguished by its gray and yellow plumage, long tail, and lively, jittery movements. It primarily feeds on insects, which it catches while running along riverbanks and searching through rocks. The gray wagtail is also known for its territorial behaviors and pleasant song.

White wagtail

Motacilla alba

The white wagtail is a small passerine bird found primarily in open areas such as fields, roadsides, and riverbanks across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its black and white plumage and distinctive wagging tail, especially when it runs or forages on the ground. This small bird primarily feeds on insects and small invertebrates, which it captures while running or rummaging through low vegetation.

Yellow wagtail

Motacilla flava

The yellow wagtail is a small migratory passerine bird found primarily in meadows, cultivated fields, and riverbanks across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is easily recognized by its bright yellow plumage on the belly and chest, its slender legs, and its quick movements. This bird primarily feeds on insects and invertebrates, which it captures by running on the ground or pecking at the grass.

Red-breasted goose

Branta ruficollis

The red-breasted goose is a small migratory goose (55–65 cm wingspan) with contrasting black-and-white plumage and a bright russet breast. It breeds in Arctic coastal tundra near waterways and winters in temperate wetlands of Europe and Asia. During the breeding season, males and females actively defend their nesting territory with head-forward displays and harsh calls.

Black-crowned Night-Heron

Nycticorax nycticorax

The Black-crowned Night Heron is a medium-sized bird, easily recognized by its silver-gray plumage and piercing yellow eyes. It primarily inhabits marshes, estuaries, and lake shores in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. This nocturnal bird is an excellent fisherman, feeding on fish, crustaceans, and invertebrates, which it captures with its strong, pointed bill. Unlike many other aquatic birds, the Black-crowned Night Heron is primarily active at dusk, searching for food in the darkness. The Black-crowned Night Heron is a social bird, forming colonies for breeding, but it prefers a quiet and hidden environment. While not directly threatened, it faces risks from water pollution and the destruction of its natural habitats.

Little Bittern

Ixobrychus minutus

The Little Bittern is a small and discreet heron, particularly hard to observe due to its brown and beige plumage, which allows it to blend perfectly into the vegetation of marshes, ponds, and rice fields. This heron is about 30 cm long and is known for its furtive behavior and quick, low flight. It primarily feeds on small fish, aquatic insects, and amphibians, hunting silently as it sneaks through the grasses or hides in reed beds. This small heron is mainly active at dusk and during the night, making it even more discreet. While not directly threatened, the Little Bittern faces habitat loss due to the destruction of wetlands and the draining of marshes. The conservation of these habitats is crucial for the preservation of the species.

Honey Buzzard

Pernis apivorus

The Honey Buzzard is a medium-sized diurnal raptor, easily recognizable by its plumage marked with light and dark brown patterns and its slender build. It primarily inhabits open forests, hedgerows, and wooded areas in Europe and Asia, and feeds mainly on larvae of bees, wasps, and small insects, which it captures by flying above beehives or attacking the nests of social insects. This raptor uses its powerful talons and curved beak to extract larvae from the nests. The Honey Buzzard is also known for its ability to undertake long migratory flights, leaving its breeding grounds in Europe to travel to warmer regions in North Africa for the winter. While the population remains stable in many areas, the Honey Buzzard may be threatened by habitat loss and the reduction in insect populations on which it relies.

Eurasian bullfinch

Pyrrhula pyrrhula

The Eurasian bullfinch is a small, stocky passerine (14–16 cm) with bright pink-and-black plumage in males and more subdued tones in females. It inhabits mixed woodlands, hedgerows, and orchards across Europe and Asia, feeding on seeds and buds in winter and insects in spring. During the breeding season (April to July), the male utters soft calls from a perch and both partners build a sturdy nest of twigs and moss.

Cirl bunting

Emberiza cirlus

The Cirl bunting is a small passerine in the bunting family Emberizidae, measuring 16–17 cm in length, with streaked brown plumage and a yellow head marked by a black crown and dark throat. It inhabits sunny grasslands, hedgerows and scrub, feeding mainly on seeds and insects. During breeding, it builds a nest in low bushes and the male sings from an exposed perch to attract the female and defend its territory.

Snow Bunting

Plectrophenax nivalis

The Snow Bunting, or Plectrophenax nivalis, is a bird from the Calcariidae family. It is easily recognizable by its white and black plumage, which allows it to blend into snowy landscapes of the Arctic and mountainous regions. In summer, it has darker plumage on its back and wings, while its belly remains white. This migratory bird breeds in Arctic and subarctic regions and migrates south in winter, sometimes reaching the northern coasts of Europe and North America. It primarily feeds on seeds and insects, which it finds by foraging on the ground. The Snow Bunting is a sociable bird, often seen in flocks, especially outside the breeding season.

Reed bunting

Emberiza schoeniclus

The reed bunting is a small passerine bird found primarily in wetlands, reed beds, and marshes across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is easily recognized by its streaked brown plumage, light belly, and distinctive markings on the head, particularly the black-and-white patterns. This small bird primarily feeds on seeds and insects found in grasses and reeds.

Yellowhammer

Emberiza cia

The yellowhammer is a small passerine, 15–16 cm long, with bright yellow head and breast in males and duller, brown-streaked plumage in females. It inhabits open fields, hedgerows, and edges, feeding on seeds and insects while foraging on the ground. During breeding (April to July), the male sings from a perch or in flight to mark territory and attract the female.

Yellowhammer

Emberiza citrinella

The yellowhammer is a small passerine bird found primarily in fields, meadows, and hedgerows across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its bright yellow plumage, brown striped head, and pale yellow belly. This bunting is mainly insectivorous, but it also feeds on seeds and berries. It is often heard singing, especially during the breeding season, where it defends its territory with a clear and distinct song.

Ortolan bunting

Emberiza hortulana

Small passerine 16–17 cm long with streaked olive-brown plumage and a greenish-grey head. Inhabits cereal fields and margins, feeding mainly on seeds, supplemented by insects during breeding. Pairs nest on the ground, hiding nests among crops or low vegetation, and males sing from low perches to defend territory.

Corn bunting

Emberiza calandra

The corn bunting (Emberiza calandra) is a passerine bird in the family Emberizidae. It is a large, bulky bunting, 16–19 cm long, with heavily streaked buff-brown plumage. Found in open farmland, weedy wastelands and meadows across southern and central Europe, North Africa and Asia, it feeds mainly on seeds, supplemented by insects during the breeding season. During breeding it builds its nest on or near the ground, and the male sings from an exposed perch to attract the female and defend its territory.

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus

The Red-whiskered Bulbul, or Pycnonotus jocosus, is a bird with distinctive plumage, recognizable by its pointed black crest and white cheeks adorned with red patches. Its chest is white, contrasting with its brownish belly. This bird is native to Southeast Asia but has been introduced to other parts of the world. It frequents various habitats, from forests to urban gardens. The Red-whiskered Bulbul is a sociable bird, often seen in small groups. Its melodious and varied song is appreciated by bird enthusiasts. Although primarily frugivorous, it also feeds on insects. Its adaptability allows it to thrive in diverse environments.

Montagu's Harrier

Circus pygargus

Montagu's Harrier is a medium-sized diurnal raptor, easily recognizable by its light gray plumage on the top and white underside, as well as its long, narrow wings and light flight. It primarily inhabits open areas such as grasslands, cultivated fields, and steppe regions, where it hunts small mammals, birds, and insects. This raptor flies low over the ground searching for prey, often gliding or making wide circles. Montagu's Harrier is particularly active during the breeding months, where it can be seen flying in pairs, sometimes forming small colonies. Migratory, it leaves its breeding grounds in Europe to head to North Africa during the winter. While its population is declining in some areas due to habitat loss and intensified agriculture, conservation efforts are underway to stabilize its numbers.

Marsh Harrier

Circus aeruginosus

The Marsh Harrier is a medium-sized raptor, easily recognized by its brownish-green plumage and slender build. It primarily inhabits wetlands, marshes, and reed beds in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. This diurnal bird hunts small mammals, birds, and insects, which it captures by flying low over the reeds or circling slowly. The Marsh Harrier is particularly active in spring and summer during the breeding season. Males and females often fly in tandem, searching for food to feed their young. Migratory, it leaves its breeding grounds in Europe to head to North Africa during the winter. While its population remains relatively stable in some areas, the Marsh Harrier faces threats related to habitat loss and pollution in wetland areas.

Pallid Harrier

Circus macrourus

The Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus) is a slender, medium-sized raptor (40–48 cm long, 95–115 cm wingspan), with slate-grey breeding plumage in males and mottled brown in females. It occupies open landscapes such as steppes, marshes and wet grasslands, gliding low over the ground to hunt micro-mammals, small birds and large insects. Nestling on the ground from May 1 to July 31, it builds a simple scrape nest hidden under vegetation. A long-distance migrant, it winters from the Sahel to the Indian subcontinent. Populations are vulnerable to steppe loss and agricultural disturbance, although recent trends are relatively stable. As a passage migrant in western Europe, it is eagerly sought by birdwatchers during spring and autumn migrations.

Hen Harrier

Circus cyaneus

The Northern Harrier is a medium-sized raptor, easily recognizable by its gray and brown plumage, with distinct markings on its wings and a slightly rounded head. This diurnal bird primarily inhabits open areas such as grasslands, cultivated fields, and marshes, mainly in Europe and Asia. The Northern Harrier hunts small mammals, birds, and insects, which it captures by flying low, often making wide circles in search of prey. This raptor is migratory, leaving its breeding grounds in Europe to head to North Africa during the winter. The Northern Harrier is also known for its majestic flight, which makes it easily identifiable. Although its population is declining in some areas due to habitat loss and human disturbances, conservation efforts are underway to help stabilize its populations.

Common Buzzard

Buteo buteo

The Common Buzzard is a medium-sized diurnal raptor, easily recognizable by its often spotted and banded brown and white plumage, which gives it a particularly variable appearance from one individual to another. It primarily inhabits open forests, hedgerows, and agricultural landscapes in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The Common Buzzard feeds on small mammals, birds, and occasionally insects, which it hunts on the ground, often perched on a tree or pole, waiting for the right moment to swoop down on its prey. This raptor is known for its characteristic flight, often soaring in the sky in wide circles. The Common Buzzard is also a migratory bird, leaving some of its breeding grounds in Europe to migrate to warmer regions during the winter. While the population of the Common Buzzard is stable in many areas, it can be affected by habitat loss and human persecution.

Eurasian Bittern

Botaurus stellaris

The Great Bittern is a large, secretive heron, easily recognized by its brown spotted and striped plumage, which allows it to blend perfectly into the reeds and vegetation of wetland areas where it lives. This nocturnal and solitary bird primarily inhabits marshes, ponds, and reed beds in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It feeds mainly on fish, amphibians, and small birds, which it hunts by silently creeping through aquatic plants or standing still to wait for its prey. The Great Bittern is an excellent master of camouflage, using its plumage to conceal itself in its environment, making it difficult to observe. Migratory, it leaves its breeding grounds to travel to Africa during the winter. While it is listed as "Near Threatened" on the IUCN Red List, it remains vulnerable to habitat loss due to wetland drainage and urbanization.

Pinnated bittern

Botaurus pinnatus

A nocturnal and secretive marsh heron, this bulky bird with cryptic buff-brown plumage hides among reeds to feed on insects, fish and small vertebrates from ambush. When moving, it crouches with neck erect and emits deep booms at dusk during the breeding season.

Cockatoo

Cacatua

Cockatoos are exuberant and colorful birds, known for their spectacular crests and fascinating social behavior. These birds are native to Australia, New Guinea, and neighboring islands. Their plumage, often white with brightly colored accents on the crest or tail, makes them particularly attractive. They are also famous for their intelligence and ability to mimic sounds, including human speech, making them popular as pets. Cockatoos live mainly in forests, savannas, and coastal areas. They are social birds that form often noisy groups, spending their days searching for food, perching, and interacting with other members of their group. Although some species of cockatoos are protected due to habitat loss and poaching, they remain an iconic symbol of exotic birds.

Sulphur-crested Cockatoo

Cacatua galerita

The Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, or Cacatua galerita, is a striking bird native to Australia and New Guinea. Easily identified by its vibrant yellow crest, it sports a pure white plumage. Measuring about 45 to 50 cm in length, it has a strong beak and piercing black eyes. Social and intelligent, it lives in flocks that can number in the hundreds. Its loud, harsh call is often heard in forests, savannas, and even urban areas. Opportunistic in nature, it feeds on seeds, fruits, and occasionally insects. While admired for its beauty and intelligence, it can be a pest in agricultural areas.

Quail

Coturnix coturnix

The Common Quail is a small, ground-dwelling bird, easily recognizable by its striped brown plumage and small size. It primarily inhabits fields, meadows, and open agricultural areas, where it blends perfectly into the vegetation. This bird is mostly terrestrial, spending much of its time running through tall grasses rather than flying. When it does take flight, it is usually quick and short, a strategy to escape predators. The Common Quail is migratory, leaving its breeding grounds in Europe and Asia to travel to Africa during the winter. Its population is declining in some areas due to habitat loss, intensified agriculture, and hunting. Despite these threats, conservation efforts have been implemented to stabilize local populations.

Oriental Pied Hornbill

Anthracoceros albirostris

The Oriental Pied Hornbill, Anthracoceros albirostris, is a captivating bird native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Easily identifiable by its large, white beak topped with a distinctive black casque, it measures between 60 and 90 cm. Its striking black and white plumage adds to its allure. These birds live in family groups and are known for their complex social behavior. They primarily feed on fruits but also consume insects and small animals. Their resonant calls often echo through the canopy. The Oriental Pied Hornbill plays a crucial role in seed dispersal, thus contributing to the health of forest ecosystems.

Red-billed Hornbill

Tockus erythrorhynchus

The Tockus erythrorhynchus, or red-billed hornbill, is an African bird known for its long, curved red bill. It measures about 42 to 50 cm in length and weighs between 120 and 170 grams. Its plumage is mainly gray with white spots on the wings and a black tail. This bird is often seen in small groups or pairs, feeding primarily on insects, small reptiles, and fruits. It is known for its social behavior and loud calls. The red-billed hornbill is a diurnal bird that prefers savannas, open woodlands, and shrublands. It plays an important role in the ecosystem by controlling insect populations.

Yellow-billed hornbill

Tockus flavirostris

The Yellow-casqued Hornbill is a characteristic bird of the open forests and savannas of sub-Saharan Africa. It is easily recognizable by its large curved bill, adorned with a bright yellow casque that gives it a distinctive appearance. Despite its massive size, the bill is lightweight and hollow, allowing this bird to fly with agility despite its size. Its plumage is primarily black and white, with yellow accents around the bill and casque. The Yellow-casqued Hornbill is primarily frugivorous, feeding on fruits, berries, and insects found in trees. It is often seen in pairs or small groups, moving from branch to branch and emitting loud and distinct calls. While it is relatively widespread in its habitat, it may be threatened by deforestation and habitat loss due to agricultural expansion.

Great hornbill

Buceros bicornis

The great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) is a large forest bird (95–120 cm long, weighing 2–3.4 kg) known for its massive yellow bill topped by a hollow casque. It inhabits humid tropical and gallery forests from India to Vietnam, at elevations from sea level to 1500 m. Primarily frugivorous, it feeds on figs and various fruits, supplementing its diet with small vertebrates and insects. Monogamous and territorial, pairs remain together year-round. During the breeding season (01.01–31.05), the male and female engage in loud duets and casque-butting displays. After pairing, the female seals herself within a tree cavity and incubates 1–2 eggs for 38–40 days, receiving food through a narrow slit provided by the male.

Rhinoceros Hornbill

Buceros rhinoceros

The Rhinoceros Hornbill, or Buceros rhinoceros, is an impressive bird known for its size and distinctive appearance. It is easily recognizable by its prominent horn-shaped casque, which gives it its name. This casque, although large, is hollow and lightweight. The bird's plumage is primarily black, with white feathers on the tail and white markings on the wings. Its eyes are surrounded by brightly colored bare skin, often red or orange. The Rhinoceros Hornbill inhabits the tropical forests of Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia, Thailand, and Sumatra. It plays a crucial role in its ecosystem as a seed disperser, aiding in forest regeneration.

Gadwall

Mareca strepera

The Gadwall is a medium-sized dabbling duck, measuring between 46 and 56 cm in length with a wingspan of 78 to 90 cm. The male has finely patterned gray plumage with a distinctive white wing patch visible in flight, a black rump, and a dark bill. The female is mottled brown with an orange-edged dark bill. This species inhabits wetlands such as marshes, ponds, lakes, and flooded meadows rich in aquatic vegetation. It feeds mainly on leaves, stems, and seeds of aquatic plants, but also consumes aquatic invertebrates, especially during the breeding season. The Gadwall is a partial migrant, breeding in Eurasia and North America, and wintering in more southern regions. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it is sensitive to wetland degradation and pollution.

Mandarin duck

Aix galericulata

The Mandarin Duck is a spectacular waterfowl, easily recognizable by its vibrant and colorful plumage, particularly in the male. The male displays an impressive mix of bright colors, including orange, blue, and green, with a distinctive crest on the head and feathers on the sides of the neck that resemble scales. The female, more subdued, has brown plumage with subtle white accents around the eyes and bill. Native to East Asia, the Mandarin Duck is now widely distributed in Europe and North America, often seen in parks and gardens around bodies of water. This duck prefers calm waters in lakes, ponds, and rivers, where it feeds mainly on seeds, fruits, insects, and small crustaceans. Although the Mandarin Duck is not considered endangered, its natural habitat can be threatened by pollution and the loss of wetland areas.

Northern pintail

Anas acuta

The Northern Pintail is a migratory species of duck, easily recognizable by its slender body and long neck, which gives it an elegant and distinctive silhouette. The male during the breeding season has a colorful plumage, with a green head, brown body, and long bill. The female, on the other hand, has more subdued plumage, brown speckled, adapted for camouflage. This duck primarily inhabits wetland areas, such as marshes, ponds, and rivers, where it feeds on aquatic vegetation, seeds, and insects. The Northern Pintail is a long-distance migrant, leaving its breeding grounds in Europe and Asia to head to Africa or the Middle East during the winter. Although still fairly widespread, the species is threatened by the loss of its natural habitat due to wetland drainage and intensified agriculture.

Eurasian wigeon

Mareca penelope

The Eurasian Wigeon is an elegant waterfowl, easily recognizable by its distinctive plumage and characteristic whistle. The male, during the breeding season, has colorful plumage with a dark green head, light brown body, and a white stripe running across its neck. The female is more subdued, with speckled brown plumage, adapted for camouflage. This duck gets its name from the whistling sound it makes during its movements and social interactions. The Eurasian Wigeon primarily inhabits wetlands, such as lakes, ponds, and marshes, where it feeds on aquatic plants, seeds, and insects. It is a long-distance migratory bird, leaving its breeding grounds in Europe to travel to warmer regions in Africa or the Middle East during the winter. While its population remains generally stable, it faces threats related to habitat loss and water pollution.

Northern Shoveler

Spatula clypeata

The Northern Shoveler is a medium-sized dabbling duck, measuring between 44 and 56 cm in length with a wingspan of 70 to 85 cm. The breeding male features an iridescent dark green head, white chest, chestnut flanks, and a large spatula-shaped bill. The female has mottled brown plumage and a similarly shaped bill. This species inhabits shallow wetlands, such as marshes, ponds, and floodplain meadows rich in aquatic vegetation. It feeds by filtering water with its specialized bill, consuming primarily plankton, aquatic insects, crustaceans, mollusks, and seeds. Migratory, the Northern Shoveler breeds in Europe and Asia, wintering in Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it is sensitive to wetland degradation.

Red-throated Caracara

Ibycter americanus

The Red-throated Caracara, Ibycter americanus, is a fascinating bird of prey belonging to the Falconidae family. It is distinguished by its bright red throat and black and white plumage. This bird is primarily found in the tropical forests of Central and South America, where it plays an important ecological role as a predator of insects and small vertebrates. The Red-throated Caracara is known for its social behavior, often observed in noisy family groups. It is also recognized for its ability to dislodge wasp nests, feeding on the larvae. Although its conservation status is currently "least concern," deforestation poses a potential threat to its natural habitat.

Yellow-headed Caracara

Milvago chimachima

The Yellow-headed Caracara, Milvago ferrugineus, is a medium-sized raptor known for its pale head and rusty-brown plumage. It primarily inhabits open regions of South America, from savannas to agricultural areas. An opportunistic feeder, it consumes carrion, insects, and occasionally small vertebrates. Its flight is often slow and gliding, and it is frequently seen walking on the ground in search of food. Although a bird of prey, it is less aggressive than other raptors. Its adaptability to various environments has allowed it to thrive despite environmental changes.

Northern caracara

Caracara cheriway

The Northern Caracara is an imposing bird of prey, easily recognizable by its distinctive black and white plumage, with a bright orange head and a powerful beak. This raptor, often mistaken for an eagle due to its behavior and size, is an opportunistic scavenger, feeding primarily on animal carcasses, but it can also hunt live prey, such as small mammals and reptiles. The Northern Caracara primarily inhabits open areas such as savannas, grasslands, and roadside habitats, where it spends its time scouring the ground for food. It is well adapted to life in varied environments, notably in the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Although its population is relatively stable, the species is sometimes threatened by habitat destruction and illegal hunting.

Mountain Caracara

Phalcoboenus megalopterus

The Mountain Caracara, Phalcoboenus megalopterus, is a medium-sized bird of prey known for its distinctive black and white plumage and hooked beak. It primarily inhabits the mountainous regions of the Andes, where it feeds on carrion, insects, and small animals. Its flight is powerful and agile, allowing it to navigate the high-altitude air currents with ease. This bird is often seen walking on the ground in search of food. Although generally solitary, it can be observed in small groups, especially around carcasses. Its adaptability to various mountainous habitats makes it a resilient bird, although its habitat is sometimes threatened by human activities.

Southern Cassowary

Casuarius casuarius

The Southern Cassowary, Casuarius casuarius, is a large and fascinating bird native to the tropical forests of New Guinea, Australia, and surrounding islands. It is distinguished by its glossy black plumage, striking blue head, and unique horned casque. This casque, which can reach 18 cm in height, is used to navigate through dense vegetation. Cassowaries are solitary and territorial birds, known for their shy behavior. They primarily feed on fallen fruits but can also consume small animals and fungi. Their ecological role is crucial as they disperse seeds of many plant species. Although capable of running at high speeds and swimming, they are threatened by habitat loss and vehicle collisions.

Spotted Nutcracker

Nucifraga caryocatactes

The Spotted Nutcracker is a medium-sized bird, easily recognizable by its spotted black and white plumage, which helps it blend perfectly into the coniferous forests where it lives. This passerine is primarily found in the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia, where it mainly feeds on pine seeds and other fruits, which it hides in tree crevices to consume later, a behavior that makes it an excellent food gatherer. The Spotted Nutcracker is also a migratory bird, although it may sometimes remain in colder areas during the winter. This crow is known for its great intelligence and curious behavior, and it plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by dispersing tree seeds, thus promoting forest regeneration. While the population of this bird is generally stable, it may be threatened by the destruction of forest habitats, particularly in areas where coniferous forests are reduced by logging.

Montezuma oropendola

Psarocolius montezuma

The Montezuma Oropendola is an exotic and colorful bird, easily recognizable by its vibrant plumage, which blends shades of black, yellow, and red. This large bird belongs to the Icteridae family and primarily inhabits the tropical forests and wooded areas of Mexico and Central America. It is especially famous for its long tail feathers, giving it a striking and elegant silhouette. The Montezuma Oropendola is a social bird that lives in groups, often consisting of several individuals. It feeds primarily on fruits, seeds, and small insects, which it finds in trees and climbing plants. It is also known for its suspended nests, which it constructs with great skill in the trees. While its population remains generally stable, it may be threatened by deforestation and habitat loss.

Sunbittern

Eurypyga helias

The Sunbittern is a medium-sized bird, about 43 cm long, known for its striking wing patterns that resemble eyespots. When threatened, it fans out its wings like a butterfly or stylized sun to startle predators. It has a long beak, slender neck, and thin legs adapted to walking along rivers and streams. Found in Central and South America, it inhabits shaded riverbanks and humid forests at moderate elevations. Solitary and elusive, it feeds on small fish, aquatic insects, and invertebrates. While not currently endangered, it is vulnerable to habitat loss and water pollution.

European goldfinch

Carduelis carduelis

The European goldfinch is a small, colorful bird found mainly in gardens, hedgerows, and meadows across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its bright yellow plumage, black and white wings, and distinctive red head. This finch primarily feeds on thistle seeds, wildflowers, and insects. It is also known for its melodious song and its ability to adapt to various types of habitats.

Whimbrel

Tringa nebularia

The Greenshank is a large species of wader, distinguished by its long bill and slender legs. It has a gray-brown plumage marked with lighter spots and a slightly speckled head, which helps it blend into the muddy and marshy environments of wetlands and shorelines. This wader is especially known for its characteristic calls, a loud barking cry, which is how it gets its name. It primarily inhabits wetlands, estuaries, and shorelines where it feeds on small invertebrates, worms, and crustaceans found by probing in the mud. The Greenshank is a migratory bird that travels long distances between its breeding grounds in Europe and its wintering sites in Africa and Asia. Although its population remains relatively stable, it faces threats from the loss of wetland habitats and pollution. The species is protected in some areas where it is found.

Ruddy Turnstone

Tringa erythropus

The Redshank is a medium-sized wader with distinctive plumage that changes with the seasons. During the breeding season, the male displays vibrant colors, with a black head and reddish chest, while the female has more subdued tones. Outside the breeding season, both sexes adopt a more muted plumage, often gray-brown with shades of white and black. The Redshank is primarily found in wetlands, estuaries, and lakeshores, where it feeds on small invertebrates, aquatic insects, and occasionally worms and crustaceans. This migratory bird is known for its long-distance migration, between its breeding grounds in northern Eurasia and its wintering areas in southern Asia and North Africa. While its population remains generally stable, the Redshank is vulnerable to threats such as habitat destruction, pollution, and hunting. The species is protected in some areas where it is found.

Common Redshank

Tringa ochropus

The Green Sandpiper is a medium-sized wader, easily recognizable by its green-brown plumage with mottled patterns and its white tail, which gives it its name. During the breeding season, males display more colorful plumage, with iridescent green tones and white markings on the wings and tail. Outside of the breeding season, both sexes adopt a more uniform plumage, often olive-brown with shades of white and gray. The Green Sandpiper is primarily found in wetlands, marshes, estuaries, and lake shores, where it feeds on small aquatic invertebrates, insects, and crustaceans that it uncovers while probing in the mud. While this species is migratory, it does not travel as long distances as some other waders, primarily moving between Central Europe and its wintering sites in North Africa. The Green Sandpiper remains generally stable, but it faces threats from the loss of its wetland habitats and pollution.

Common Greenshank

Tringa totanus

The Common Redshank is a medium-sized wader, easily recognizable by its long red legs and straight bill. Its plumage is typically gray-brown with shades of white on the belly and dark markings on the back and wings. During the breeding season, it displays brighter colors, especially on the head and chest, which become duller outside of this period. This wader is often seen in wetlands, marshes, estuaries, and lake shores, where it feeds mainly on small invertebrates, insects, and worms found by probing in the mud. The Common Redshank is a migratory bird that travels between its breeding grounds in Northern Europe and its wintering sites in Africa and Asia. While its population remains generally stable, the Common Redshank faces threats from habitat loss and pollution. It is sometimes considered a vulnerable species in certain regions.

Green Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos

The Common Sandpiper is a small, agile, and active wader, easily recognizable by its light brown plumage, speckled with darker spots, and its long, slender legs. It is also distinguished by its short, straight bill and its energetic and nervous behavior. It is commonly found along riverbanks, estuaries, marshes, and lakes, where it hunts by running along the shores, capturing small insects, worms, and crustaceans found in the mud and shallow water. This migratory bird typically breeds in temperate regions of Europe and Asia and migrates to North Africa for the winter. While the population of the Common Sandpiper remains stable in many regions, the species is threatened by the loss of wetland habitats and the effects of climate change, which alters aquatic ecosystems. The species is protected in some areas where it is found.

Common Sandpiper

Tringa stagnatilis

The Marsh Sandpiper is a medium-sized wader, easily identifiable by its plumage marked with gray-green and white, with darker patterns on the wings and head. During the breeding season, it displays brighter colors, with shades of vibrant green and distinct markings. Outside the breeding season, its plumage is more subdued, generally gray-brown and more muted. This wader is primarily observed in shallow wetlands such as marshes, lagoons, and estuaries, where it feeds on aquatic invertebrates, small fish, and occasionally worms. The Marsh Sandpiper is a migratory bird that travels relatively short distances between its breeding grounds in Eastern Europe and its wintering sites in North Africa and Asia. While its population remains stable in some regions, it is threatened by the loss of its wetland habitats and water pollution. The species benefits from protections in areas where it is found, but it remains vulnerable in certain regions due to urbanization and intensive agriculture.

Wood Sandpipe

Tringa glareola

The Wood Sandpiper is a medium-sized wader, recognizable by its elegant plumage that ranges from gray-green to white, with dark markings on the wings and sometimes a marbled head. This wader is primarily found in wet forests and marshy areas, where it feeds on small invertebrates, worms, and occasionally small fish, which it catches by probing in the mud and shallow water. During the breeding season, the male displays brighter colors, notably a darker head plumage and iridescent green shades on its back. Outside the breeding season, the Wood Sandpiper has a more subdued and uniform plumage, often gray-brown. As a migratory bird, it travels between its breeding grounds in Northern Europe and its wintering sites in Africa and Asia. Although its population remains relatively stable, the Wood Sandpiper faces threats from the loss of wetland habitats and pollution.

Little Owl of Athena

Athene noctua

The Little Owl is a small, distinctive owl, easily recognizable by its large yellow eyes and its generally gray-brown plumage marked with white spots. It has a stocky body and a round head, without the ear tufts typical of other owls. The Little Owl is often found in open areas such as fields, orchards, and agricultural sites, where it frequently perches on stones, posts, or low trees. This nocturnal predator feeds mainly on small mammals, insects, and reptiles, which it hunts primarily at night. Although its population remains relatively stable in many parts of Europe, the Little Owl is threatened by habitat loss and changes in agricultural practices. The species benefits from some protections and is often associated with conservation efforts aimed at preserving its open habitats.

European owl

Glaucidium passerinum

The Eurasian Pygmy Owl is the smallest owl in Europe, easily recognized by its tiny size and large, piercing yellow eyes. It has gray-brown plumage, with white markings on the chest and abdomen, and dark spots on its head. It has a stocky body and a small, round head, without the ear tufts found in other owls. This nocturnal predator primarily inhabits coniferous forests, where it hides in tree cavities or old nests to rest during the day. The Eurasian Pygmy Owl primarily hunts small birds, insects, and rodents, which it captures at dawn or dusk. While its population remains relatively stable in some regions of Northern and Eastern Europe, it is threatened by deforestation and disruption of its habitats. This owl is protected by conservation measures aimed at preserving its coniferous forests and nesting sites.

Western jackdaw

Coloeus monedula

The western jackdaw is a 34–39 cm corvid with dark slate-grey plumage and a black cap, notable for its pale, piercing eyes. Found throughout Europe and western Asia, it inhabits urban areas, coastal cliffs and open countryside, feeding on insects, seeds, small invertebrates and eggs. An opportunistic omnivore, it nests in natural or built cavities and may form large colonies.

Ural owl

Strix uralensis

The Ural owl (Strix uralensis) is a large nocturnal raptor (50–60 cm in body length with a wingspan of 110–125 cm), featuring soft tawny-grey plumage and a pale facial disc outlined in dark concentric rings. Distributed across mature coniferous and mixed forests of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, it primarily preys on small mammals such as rodents and shrews, supplemented by birds and insects. It nests in old tree cavities or occasionally occupies abandoned corvid nests. Territorial year-round, it utters deep resonant hoots during the breeding season to attract mates and defend its territory. Secretive and vigilant, it often perches motionless high in the canopy to scan for prey.

Tengmalm's owl

Aegolius funereus

Tengmalm's Owl is a small nocturnal raptor, easily recognized by its small size and large, piercing yellow eyes. It has gray-brown plumage with characteristic white markings on the head, wings, and back. Its ears are very inconspicuous, and its face is surrounded by a pale facial disc. This owl primarily inhabits coniferous forests, dense wooded areas, and mountains, where it hides in tree cavities or abandoned nests of other birds. Tengmalm's Owl mainly hunts small mammals, birds, and insects, which it catches at night by flying silently through the forests. It is particularly active during the breeding season, when it emits characteristic calls to attract its mate. Although it is relatively discreet and often difficult to observe, Tengmalm's Owl is protected in some areas, though its population is threatened by deforestation and habitat loss.

Northern hawk owl

Surnia ulula

The Northern Hawk Owl is a unique nocturnal raptor, easily recognized by its large yellow eyes and its plumage marked with white and gray-brown patterns. It has a slender build with a round head, small size, and broad wings adapted for silent flight. It is primarily found in coniferous forests of northern regions, particularly in wooded areas of North America, Northern Europe, and Russia. This raptor primarily hunts small mammals, birds, and insects, which it catches with its silent flight skills. The Northern Hawk Owl is also known for its ability to hunt during the day if necessary, especially during the breeding season. It is a relatively discreet bird, often feeding near open areas where it can spot its prey. While its population remains stable in some regions, it is threatened by deforestation and the loss of its natural habitat. It is protected in many areas to preserve its coniferous forests.

Tawny Owl

Strix aluco

The Tawny Owl is one of the most common owls in Europe, easily recognized by its round face forming a facial disc and its large, piercing black eyes. Its plumage is typically brown, with irregular white spots on the belly and back. It has a stocky body, broad wings, and silent flight, which is suited to its nocturnal hunting. This nocturnal raptor primarily inhabits broadleaf and mixed forests, as well as lowland wooded areas. The Tawny Owl primarily hunts small mammals like rodents, as well as birds, insects, and worms. It uses its ability to fly silently to capture its prey, often in open areas like clearings, forest edges, or fields. It is also known for its characteristic calls, a deep, melodious "hoo-hoo." While its population remains stable in many parts of Europe, the Tawny Owl can be affected by habitat loss, light pollution, and human disturbances.

Great grey owl

Strix nebulosa

The Great Grey Owl is a large nocturnal raptor, easily recognizable by its broad facial disc and piercing yellow eyes. Its plumage is primarily gray and brown, with lighter markings on the belly and wings. It has a massive build, a round head, and long wings that allow it to fly silently. This raptor primarily inhabits boreal forests and northern regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Great Grey Owl primarily hunts small mammals, such as hares, rodents, and birds. It has a remarkable ability to locate its prey with its keen hearing and silent flight. It is a solitary owl, preferring dense forests where it can hide during the day. While its population remains generally stable, it is threatened by deforestation, habitat loss, and human disturbances. It is protected in many areas to ensure the preservation of its forest habitats.

Barred owl

Strix varia

The Barred Owl is a large nocturnal raptor, easily identifiable by its circular face forming a facial disc and its large yellow eyes. Its plumage is primarily gray-brown, marked with dark streaks on the head, back, and wings, from which it gets its name. This owl has a robust, stocky body, with broad wings and silent flight, perfectly suited to its nocturnal hunting in forests. It primarily inhabits mixed and deciduous forests, especially in regions of North America. The Barred Owl hunts small mammals like rodents, birds, and occasionally insects, which it captures using its ability to fly silently. It is a solitary predator, hiding during the day in tree cavities or abandoned nests of other animals. While its population remains stable, the Barred Owl is vulnerable to disturbances in its natural habitat, such as deforestation and urbanization. It is protected in many regions to preserve its forest habitats.

Spotted owl

Strix occidentalis

The spotted owl is a nocturnal owl native to the dense forests of the western United States and Mexico. It is recognizable by its spotted brown plumage, large dark eyes, and round face. It primarily feeds on small mammals, birds, and insects, hunting at night. Threatened by habitat loss, it is protected in certain regions.

White Stork

Ciconia ciconia

The White Stork is a large bird easily recognized by its slender silhouette, bright white plumage, and long red legs. It has a long pointed beak, which it primarily uses to capture prey in wetlands, meadows, and fields. This migratory bird travels thousands of kilometers each year, migrating from Eastern and Central Europe to Africa for the winter. The White Stork primarily feeds on small mammals, amphibians, insects, and small birds, which it captures with its great ability to walk and forage through grass or mud. While it is a solitary bird during breeding, it gathers in large colonies during migrations. Although its population remains stable in many parts of Europe, it faces threats from habitat loss, hunting, and human disturbances. Conservation efforts are underway to protect this iconic species.

Maguari Stork

Ciconia maguari

The Maguari Stork, or Ciconia maguari, is a large wading bird known for its striking white plumage and black wings. It has a long reddish bill and slender legs, allowing it to move gracefully through wetlands. Predominantly found in South America, it inhabits marshes, flooded grasslands, and riverbanks. The Maguari Stork is a gregarious bird, often seen in small groups. It primarily feeds on fish, amphibians, and aquatic insects. Although its conservation status is currently "least concern," habitat destruction poses a potential threat.

Black Stork

Ciconia nigra

The Black Stork is a large bird with dark, glossy plumage, characterized by its slender silhouette and long red legs and beak. Its plumage is primarily black, with a slight greenish tint and a metallic sheen on the wings and back. This migratory raptor is distinguished from its cousin, the White Stork, by its more discreet behavior and preference for wilder habitats. It primarily inhabits dense forests, wetlands, and mountainous areas of Eastern and Southeastern Europe and Asia. The Black Stork primarily feeds on fish, amphibians, and small mammals, which it catches with its long beak while moving silently near rivers and lakes. Unlike the White Stork, it prefers isolated habitats, avoiding human areas. Its population has long been in decline due to deforestation, illegal hunting, and disturbance of its breeding habitats. However, conservation efforts have helped stabilize its populations in some regions.

White-throated Dipper

Cinclus cinclus

The White-throated Dipper is a small aquatic bird, easily recognized by its dark plumage, compact body, and characteristic posture, often seen bobbing on rocks at the edge of streams. It has brownish plumage on its back and a white chest, with a short, powerful beak. This small bird is perfectly adapted to aquatic life, thanks to its webbed feet that allow it to swim and dive underwater in search of food. The White-throated Dipper primarily feeds on aquatic insects, larvae, and small fish, which it captures by diving into rivers and streams. It is capable of swimming underwater and moving along the riverbed to search for prey. Although this bird is generally solitary, it can be observed in clear river or stream habitats, primarily in Europe and Asia. While it is generally not threatened, it can be impacted by water pollution and the disruption of its natural habitats.

Short-toed Eagle

Circaetus gallicus

The Short-toed Snake Eagle is a large diurnal raptor, easily recognized by its white and light gray plumage, powerful beak, and large, wide, rounded wings. It is primarily found in open areas, steppes, light forests, and hills across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. This raptor is distinguished by its unique hunting habits: it feeds almost exclusively on snakes, which it spots using its keen eyesight. The Short-toed Snake Eagle mainly preys on snakes, including vipers and grass snakes, which it captures by attacking them in flight or grabbing them on the ground. Once it has captured its prey, it kills it with a powerful beak strike before devouring it. Due to its specialized diet, it is often seen in habitats where snake populations are abundant. Although its population remains relatively stable, it is threatened by habitat loss, human disturbance, and illegal hunting in certain regions.

Crested lark

Galerida cristata

The crested lark is a small passerine, 16–18 cm long, with streaked brown plumage and an erectile crest. It inhabits open farmland, steppes, and embankments, often near human settlements across Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. It feeds mainly on insects and seeds, walking and hopping on the ground. During the breeding season, the male performs a song flight over its territory, uttering a sharp trill while fluttering its wings before landing to attract the female.

Hummingbird

Trochilidae

Hummingbirds, members of the Trochilidae family, are small birds exceptionally known for their ability to hover in place due to their rapid and agile wing beats. These birds are characterized by their iridescent plumage, which varies from green and blue to red and purple, depending on the species. Their small size and high energy make them easily recognizable. Hummingbirds are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, from Canada to the southern parts of South America. They primarily feed on nectar that they gather from flowers, using their long slender beak and extendable tongue to reach the food. In addition to nectar, they also consume insects and spiders for protein. Due to their high metabolism, they must feed frequently throughout the day. Hummingbirds play a key role in pollinating flowering plants, thus contributing to the biodiversity of their habitats. While their population is generally stable, some species are threatened by habitat loss and climate change.

Ruby-throated hummingbird

Archilochus colubris

The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is one of the most iconic species of hummingbirds in North America, easily recognizable by the bright red color of its throat, which gives it its name. This small bird has bright metallic green plumage on its back and a white chest. It has a long, slender beak and an extendable tongue that it uses to extract nectar from flowers. In addition to nectar, it also consumes insects and spiders for protein. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is a migratory bird, covering long distances between its breeding range in North America and its wintering grounds in Central America. It is known for its rapid and agile flight, capable of hovering in place by beating its wings up to 80 times per second. While its population remains generally stable, it is threatened by habitat loss due to urbanization and climate change, which affect food resources and breeding conditions.

Coppery-headed Emerald

Elvira cupreiceps

The Coppery-headed Emerald is a small hummingbird endemic to Costa Rica, measuring about 8 cm. The male is notable for his metallic coppery crown, bright green throat, and white underparts. The female is duller in color, with a bronzy head and pale throat. It inhabits humid mid-elevation forests, woodland edges, and flower-rich gardens. This hummingbird feeds on nectar from various flowers and catches small insects. It is threatened by deforestation, as its range is very restricted.

Rufous hummingbird

Selasphorus rufus

The Rufous hummingbird is a fascinating species of hummingbird, recognized for its small size and brilliant feathers in shades of copper and red. Native to North America, it migrates each year between the United States and Mexico. This hummingbird primarily feeds on nectar, which it collects using its long bill and extendable tongue. It is often seen hovering in place, a feat made possible by its extremely agile wings. The Rufous hummingbird is also known for its territorial behavior, especially when defending its favorite flowers.

Scintillant Hummingbird

Selasphorus scintilla

The Scintillant Hummingbird is one of the smallest birds in the world, measuring about 6.5 cm in length. The male has bronze-green upperparts, a bright reddish-orange throat, and a rufous tail with black bars. The female is more subdued, with a buffy throat spotted with green and rufous flanks. This species is endemic to Costa Rica and western Panama, inhabiting forest edges, coffee plantations, and gardens between 900 and 2500 meters elevation. It feeds primarily on nectar from small flowers, such as sages, and supplements its diet with small insects for protein. Although listed as Least Concern, deforestation could threaten its habitats.

Ruff

Philomachus pugnax

The Ruff is a medium-sized wader bird, easily recognizable by its colorful plumage and relatively large size for a bird in its family. The male is particularly distinctive during the breeding season, with vibrant plumage ranging from brown and white to red and orange, and a large ruff that surrounds its head. Outside the breeding season, the male loses its bright colors and presents a more subdued plumage similar to the female. This wader inhabits wetlands, marshes, and riverbanks across Europe and Asia. During the breeding season, males engage in spectacular courtship displays to attract females, including throat inflations and dances. The Ruff primarily feeds on small invertebrates and aquatic plants. It migrates south for the winter. While its population remains relatively stable, it is threatened by habitat loss due to the draining of wetlands and pollution.

California condor

Gymnogyps californianus

The California condor is a large terrestrial vulture in the family Cathartidae, with a wingspan of 2.7–3.2 m, black plumage and a bare head and neck. It inhabits coastal cliffs and arid canyons, feeding mainly on carrion of large mammals. Pairs nest on cliff ledges, laying one egg every other year.

Andean condor

Vultur gryphus

The Andean condor is one of the largest flying birds in the world, known for its impressive wingspan reaching up to 3.3 meters. It primarily inhabits the Andean mountains, where it feeds on animal carcasses. Its majestic flight and habit of soaring at high altitudes make it a fascinating subject for photographers. Although protected, the Andean condor is threatened by habitat loss and poisoning from consuming contaminated carcasses.

Golden Parakeet

Guaruba guarouba

The Golden Parakeet, or Guaruba guarouba, is a medium-sized bird known for its bright yellow plumage and green wings. Native to the Amazon rainforest in Brazil, it is often seen in noisy flocks. This species is threatened by deforestation and illegal trade. It primarily feeds on fruits, seeds, and flowers. Its social behavior is characterized by strong interaction within groups, and it is known for its curious and playful nature. The Golden Parakeet is a symbol of Amazonian biodiversity and the importance of conserving natural habitats.

Andean Cock-of-the-rock

Rupicola peruvianus

The Andean Cock-of-the-rock, Rupicola peruvianus, is a striking bird found in the humid forests of the Andes. The male is known for its vibrant orange plumage, while the female is more subdued with brownish tones. This bird is famous for its elaborate courtship displays, where males gather in leks to perform dances and distinctive calls to attract females. Primarily frugivorous, it plays a crucial role in seed dispersal, aiding in the regeneration of its habitat. Although currently listed as "Least Concern," deforestation and habitat loss pose potential threats to its survival.

European shag

Phalacrocorax aristotelis

The Macaroni Cormorant is a large aquatic bird, easily recognized by its slender silhouette, glossy black plumage, and the tuft of feathers on top of its head, which gives it its name. It has a long, pointed beak, perfectly adapted to catching fish, which it captures by diving underwater. Macaroni cormorants are often seen on rocky coastlines, islands, or along marine shores, where they form large breeding colonies. This cormorant primarily feeds on fish, but also consumes crustaceans and mollusks. It is an exceptional diver, capable of diving to considerable depths to hunt its prey. Although its population remains relatively stable, it is threatened in certain regions by habitat disruption, water pollution, and competition with other fishing birds. It is mainly found in the Mediterranean and along certain Atlantic coasts of Europe.

Little cormorant

Microcarbo pygmeus

The little cormorant is a small cormorant, 45–55 cm long, with glossy black plumage and white wing patches in flight, inhabiting marshes, lakes, rivers and freshwater wetlands. It feeds mainly on fish by diving beneath the surface. During breeding, pairs build stick nests in waterside trees or shrubs, and the male displays by erecting head and neck feathers.

Neotropic cormorant

Phalacrocorax brasilianus

The neotropic cormorant is a medium-sized waterbird (65–75 cm) with glossy black plumage accented by bronze tinges on the back and white underparts. It inhabits freshwater bodies and coastal areas, fishing in groups through successive dives to catch fish and crustaceans.

carrion crow

Corvus corone

The carrion crow is a 44–51 cm corvid, all black with a stout bill and strong flight. It inhabits urban areas, farmland and open woodlands across Europe and Asia, feeding on insects, small vertebrates, seeds and carrion, and scavenging human refuse. An opportunistic omnivore, it uses tools and caches food. During the breeding season (March–May), pairs defend a territory, build a large branch nest and raise 3–5 young.

Lovely Cotinga

Cotinga amabilis

The Lovely Cotinga is a tropical bird notable for its vibrant plumage. The male displays a brilliant turquoise blue with a deep purple throat and chest, while the female has more subdued grayish-brown plumage with scaly patterns. This species inhabits lowland humid forests and woodland edges in Central America, from southern Mexico to Costa Rica. Primarily frugivorous, it plays a crucial role in seed dispersal. Although globally listed as "Least Concern," deforestation poses a threat to its natural habitats.

Limpkin

Aramus guarauna

The Limpkin, or Aramus guarauna, is a medium-sized wading bird easily identified by its brown plumage speckled with white and its long, slightly curved bill. It primarily inhabits marshes, lake edges, and rivers in Central and South America. This bird is often seen foraging for snails, its main food source, which it skillfully extracts from their shells using its specialized bill. The Limpkin is a solitary bird but can be seen in small groups during the breeding season. Its piercing, mournful call is often heard at dawn and dusk, adding a mysterious ambiance to marshy landscapes.

Eurasian Curlew

Numenius arquata

The Eurasian Curlew is a large wader, easily recognizable by its long, down-curved bill and gray-brown plumage with dark speckling. This wader has a slender silhouette, long legs, and broad wings. It measures about 50 to 60 cm in length, with a wingspan of 90 to 105 cm. During the breeding season, the Eurasian Curlew has brighter and more contrasting plumage, but it becomes more subdued during winter, with duller tones. The Eurasian Curlew primarily feeds on earthworms, invertebrates, and small crustaceans, which it captures in marshy areas, wet meadows, or along riverbanks. It is mainly observed in coastal areas or estuaries, where it forages by probing the ground for food. Although it is migratory, the Eurasian Curlew breeds mainly in Europe and winters in North Africa and southern Europe. It is currently classified as vulnerable due to habitat loss and disturbances in its breeding areas.

Whimbrel

Numenius phaeopus

The Whimbrel is a medium-sized wader, easily recognized by its long, finely curved bill and its brown-gray plumage with lighter speckling on the belly. It measures about 40 to 50 cm in length and has a wingspan of about 70 to 85 cm. Unlike the Eurasian Curlew, it is more subtle in its behavior and colors, making it a bird that is often less visible despite its size. This wader primarily inhabits coastal areas, estuaries, and mudflats, where it primarily feeds on small invertebrates, worms, and mollusks, which it captures from sandy or muddy soils at low tide. During migration, the Whimbrel can travel long distances, moving from its breeding grounds in Northern Europe to the coasts of West Africa. While it is considered a species of concern in some areas, it is primarily threatened by habitat loss and human disturbance.

Squacco Heron

Ardeola ralloides

The Squacco Heron is a small heron, easily recognizable by its head adorned with long white feathers that form a sort of mane, which gives it its name. Its plumage is primarily beige and white, with brown or gray shades on the wings and back, and a short, thick beak. This heron measures about 45 cm in length, with a wingspan of approximately 80 cm. It is often observed in wetland areas such as marshes, riverbanks, and ponds, where it primarily hunts small fish, aquatic insects, and crustaceans. The Squacco Heron is a migratory bird found primarily in the Mediterranean regions, but its population is declining due to habitat loss and water pollution. Although it is a rather discreet and solitary bird, it can sometimes be seen in small groups during the breeding season. This heron has a characteristic hunting behavior, walking slowly in shallow water where it probes the ground with its beak.

Whooper swan

Cygnus cygnus

The Whooper Swan, also known by the scientific name Cygnus cygnus, is a large species of swan that can reach a wingspan of 2 to 2.5 meters, making it one of the largest swans in Europe and Asia. Its plumage is entirely white, except for the bright orange skin covering its bill. The Whooper Swan is primarily a migratory bird that lives in wetlands, lakes, and marshes. It feeds mainly on aquatic plants, but can also consume seeds and roots. During the breeding season, the Whooper Swan prefers freshwater lakes and ponds, where it builds floating nests. The migration of the Whooper Swan is particularly notable, as it travels long distances between its breeding grounds in Northern Europe and its wintering areas in Western Europe, Central Asia, and China. While its status is currently stable, the Whooper Swan can be threatened by habitat loss due to the draining of wetlands and water pollution. It is also vulnerable to illegal hunting and human disturbances.

Trumpeter Swan

Cygnus buccinator

The Trumpeter Swan, Cygnus buccinator, is the largest swan in North America, renowned for its pure white plumage and long, elegant neck. It is distinguished by its black bill and dark eyes. Its powerful, resonant call, reminiscent of a trumpet, gives it its name. This majestic swan frequents lakes, marshes, and rivers, feeding primarily on aquatic plants. It is often seen in small family groups. Although its population was once threatened by hunting and habitat loss, conservation efforts have led to an increase in numbers. The Trumpeter Swan is a symbol of beauty and grace in aquatic ecosystems.

Mute swan

Cygnus olor

The mute swan is a large waterbird found in lakes, rivers, and ponds across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its bright white plumage, long graceful neck, and the black knob on its beak. This bird is known for its majestic flight and territorial behavior, especially when protecting its territory or young. Mute swans primarily feed on aquatic vegetation but can also eat small invertebrates.

Black-bellied whistling duck

Dendrocygna autumnalis

The black-bellied whistling duck is a whistling duck in the family Anatidae, 47–56 cm long, with a long neck, pink bill and grey-brown plumage. It inhabits shallow freshwater ponds, marshes and lakes, feeding on seeds, aquatic plants and small invertebrates. Gregarious and cavity-nesting, it breeds colonially in tree hollows or nest boxes.

Black-winged Stilt

Himantopus himantopus

The Black-winged Stilt is an elegant wader bird, easily recognized by its long, slender legs and bright white plumage. Measuring around 35 to 40 cm in length and with a wingspan of 70 to 80 cm, this bird is distinguished by its fine, straight black beak, which is slightly upturned. The Black-winged Stilt primarily inhabits wetlands, marshes, shallow rivers, and ponds across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It mainly feeds on aquatic insects, crustaceans, and small fish, which it catches by walking in shallow water and probing with its beak. This wader is particularly known for its graceful way of moving on its long legs, often walking slowly in the water or performing elegant hops. During the breeding season, the Black-winged Stilt builds its nest on isolated islands or sandbanks, where females lay 3 to 4 eggs. The species is listed as of least concern, although it is vulnerable to habitat loss and water pollution.

Barn Owl

Tyto alba

The Barn Owl is a nocturnal bird of prey, easily recognizable by its heart-shaped face and large white wings. It typically measures between 33 and 40 cm in length, with a wingspan of 80 to 95 cm. Its plumage is mainly white with beige and brownish hues on its back, while its face, with its distinct shape, is a bright white, making it immediately identifiable. The Barn Owl primarily inhabits agricultural areas, open meadows, clear forests, and abandoned buildings or churches, where it finds places to nest. It primarily feeds on small mammals, such as mice and voles, but may also hunt birds or insects. Its hunting method is very silent, due to the unique structure of its feathers, which reduce flight noise. It is a solitary bird that usually hunts at night. While the Barn Owl is not currently endangered, it faces threats such as habitat loss, secondary poisoning from consuming contaminated prey, and collisions with vehicles.

Common eider

Somateria mollissima

The Eider Duck is a large sea duck, easily recognized by its distinctive plumage. The adult male has a white body with a black head and neck, while the female is more muted with a brown speckled plumage. The Eider measures about 55 to 70 cm in length, with a wingspan of 100 to 125 cm, and weighs between 1.5 and 2.5 kg. It is primarily found in coastal regions of the North Atlantic, notably in Northern Europe, Canada, and Alaska. This duck primarily feeds on mollusks, crustaceans, and small fish, which it finds by diving underwater. It is also known for its social behavior, often living in large colonies during the breeding season. The Eider Duck is particularly famous for its down, a soft and insulating material harvested from the female's nests after laying, used to make luxury duvets and pillows. While the species is not immediately endangered, it is threatened by marine pollution, habitat loss due to coastal urbanization, and hunting.

Emu

Dromaius novaehollandiae

The Emu is a large flightless bird, belonging to the ratite family, which also includes the ostrich and the kiwi. It typically stands between 1.5 and 1.9 meters tall and weighs between 40 and 60 kg. Its plumage is generally brown-gray, with fine feathers that give it a slightly ruffled appearance. The Emu is recognizable by its long bare neck and small wings, which prevent it from flying. It is endemic to Australia, where it inhabits a variety of environments, from open forests to savannas and semi-desert areas. This bird is primarily herbivorous, feeding on seeds, fruits, roots, and young shoots. Although it cannot fly, the Emu is a fast runner, capable of reaching speeds up to 50 km/h over short distances. It is often solitary or lives in small groups, except during the breeding season. The Emu plays an important role in seed dispersal, contributing to the regeneration of vegetation. While the species is currently listed as of least concern, it faces threats such as habitat loss, hunting, and collisions with vehicles.

Red-necked Nightjar

Caprimulgus ruficollis

The Red-necked Nightjar is a fascinating nocturnal bird, primarily found in southern Europe and northern Africa. It is distinguished by its mottled brown plumage, which allows it to blend perfectly into its environment. Its rufous throat and long tail are characteristic features. This master of camouflage is often difficult to spot during the day, as it rests motionless on the ground or on low branches. It is most active at dusk and night, feeding mainly on insects caught in flight with its wide beak. Its soft, repetitive song is often heard during summer nights. Although its habitat is threatened by urbanization and intensive agriculture, it remains relatively common in some areas.

European Nightjar

Caprimulgus europaeus

The European Nightjar is a nocturnal bird, often difficult to spot due to its perfectly camouflaged plumage that helps it blend into its surroundings. It measures about 23 to 26 cm in length, with a wingspan of 50 to 55 cm. Its plumage is primarily brown, with complex patterns of spots and streaks that perfectly mimic the colors and textures of forest floors or dry meadows. The European Nightjar primarily feeds on nocturnal insects, which it captures in flight with its wide mouth open. It hunts at dusk and during the night, using its broad, rounded wings to maneuver silently through the air. This bird is often seen flying in circles or zigzags above fields, forests, or open areas. During the breeding season, the female lays its eggs directly on the ground, often in well-hidden spots. While the species is not currently endangered, it faces threats such as habitat loss, light pollution, and the decline of nocturnal insects.

European Sparrowhawk

Accipiter nisus

The European Sparrowhawk is a small raptor from the Accipitridae family, easily recognizable by its gray-brown plumage and narrow wings adapted for hunting in forests. It measures about 30 to 40 cm in length, with a wingspan of 60 to 90 cm, and weighs between 150 and 250 g. The male is generally smaller than the female. Its plumage varies depending on sex and age, but adults have bluish-gray feathers on the back and brownish horizontal bars on the belly. The European Sparrowhawk primarily inhabits dense forests and wooded areas in Europe, but it can also be found in urban parks and gardens. This raptor is an excellent hunter, primarily feeding on smaller birds, which it captures in flight after a rapid pursuit through trees. It often hunts using a silent, swift flight technique and is capable of capturing prey in confined spaces. Although the European Sparrowhawk is currently listed as of least concern, it faces threats such as habitat loss, disturbance of its nesting sites, and persecution by humans.

White-headed duck

Oxyura leucocephala

The white-headed duck is a small diving duck, 40–45 cm long, with males displaying a white head, slate-grey body and bright blue bill, while females have a brownish head and darker bill. It inhabits freshwater lakes and ponds fringed by dense emergent vegetation, diving to feed mainly on aquatic plants and small invertebrates. Shy and solitary, it typically swims away under water when threatened rather than flying.

European starling

Sturnus vulgaris

The European starling is a very social bird found across Europe, Asia, and North America. It is easily recognized by its iridescent plumage, which changes color depending on the light. This bird is highly adaptable, living in both urban and rural environments. The European starling is also an excellent imitator, capable of mimicking a variety of sounds, including calls of other birds and human noises. Its ability to form large flocks makes it an ideal subject for group photography.

Colchis pheasant

Phasianus colchicus

The Common Pheasant, or Colchian Pheasant, is a medium to large-sized bird, easily recognizable by its bright colors and silky plumage. The adult male is particularly spectacular, with shiny plumage in shades of green, red, gold, and blue, and a long tail adorned with fine feathers. It measures about 70 cm in length, most of which is its tail, and weighs between 0.8 and 1.5 kg. The female, more discreet, has brown spotted plumage that helps her blend into her surroundings. Native to Asia Minor and the Caucasus region, the Colchian Pheasant has been introduced to many parts of the world for hunting and decoration. It typically inhabits wooded areas, cultivated fields, and grasslands. Its diet is omnivorous, consisting of seeds, berries, insects, and sometimes small vertebrates. The species is mainly active at dawn and dusk. While the Common Pheasant is not threatened, it faces risks such as habitat loss, excessive hunting, and predation by carnivores.

Aplomado Falcon

Falco femoralis

The Aplomado Falcon, Falco femoralis, is a sleek and slender raptor, recognizable by its distinctive plumage. It features a slate-gray back, a white belly, and a black band across the chest. Its wings are long and pointed, adapted for fast and agile flights. This falcon is primarily found in open grasslands, savannas, and semi-desert areas of Central and South America. A skilled predator, it mainly feeds on small birds, rodents, and insects. Although its habitat is vast, it is sometimes threatened by the loss of its natural environment. Its behavior is generally suspicious, but it can become accustomed to human presence in some areas.

Kestrel

Falco tinnunculus

The Kestrel is a small raptor from the falcon family, easily recognizable by its light brown plumage and dark spots that adorn its back. It measures about 30 to 35 cm in length, with a wingspan of 70 to 80 cm, and weighs between 150 and 200 g. The adult male has more colorful plumage, with shades of gray and black bands on the tail, while the female has a duller, brownish plumage. This falcon is common throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa, where it primarily inhabits fields, meadows, heathlands, and even urban areas. The Kestrel feeds mainly on small mammals, insects, reptiles, and sometimes smaller birds. It is especially known for its hovering flight technique, where it remains suspended in the air by rapidly beating its wings before diving to capture prey. While the species is not currently endangered, it faces threats such as habitat loss, reduced prey populations, and disruption by human activities.

Lesser Kestrel

Falco naumanni

The Lesser Kestrel, or Falco naumanni, is a small diurnal raptor belonging to the Falconidae family. It is distinguished by its modest size, measuring about 30 to 35 cm in length with a wingspan of 60 to 75 cm. Its plumage is characteristic: the male has a rufous back without spots, a grey-blue head, and wings with black tips, while the female displays a duller and more speckled plumage. This falcon primarily feeds on insects but can also hunt small mammals and reptiles. It inhabits open areas such as grasslands, steppes, and agricultural zones. A migratory bird, it breeds in Europe and Central Asia and winters in sub-Saharan Africa. Its population is declining mainly due to habitat loss and pesticide use.

Merlin

Falco columbarius

The Merlin is a small raptor, one of the fastest birds, easily recognizable by its compact plumage and vibrant colors. It measures between 28 and 34 cm in length, with a wingspan of 60 to 80 cm, and weighs between 150 and 250 g. The male has a blue-gray plumage on its back, with black wings and a head marked with black bands, while the female is generally larger and duller, with brownish hues. The Merlin is found primarily in Europe, Asia, and North America, where it inhabits a variety of habitats, from open areas such as meadows and agricultural zones to forests. This bird primarily feeds on smaller birds, small mammals, and insects. It hunts in flight, using its impressive speed to capture its prey. It is particularly known for its fast and agile aerial maneuvers. While the species is not endangered, it faces threats such as habitat loss, human disturbance, and the reduction of prey populations.

Gyrfalcon

Falco rusticolus

The gyrfalcon, or Falco rusticolus, is the largest of the falcons, known for its robustness and ability to survive in harsh Arctic environments. Its impressive size, with a wingspan reaching up to 160 cm, and its variable plumage ranging from pure white to dark grey, make it a spectacular bird. It is primarily found in circumpolar regions, nesting on cliffs and isolated mountains. A formidable predator, it mainly hunts medium-sized birds such as ptarmigans and ducks. The gyrfalcon is a symbol of power and majesty in many Nordic cultures. Its population is stable, although locally threatened by climate change and human disturbance.

Eurasian Hobb

Falco subbute

The Hobby Falcon is a small diurnal raptor, often confused with other falcons due to its similar size, but it is distinguished by its elegant plumage and unique characteristics. It measures about 30 to 40 cm in length, with a wingspan of 70 to 90 cm, and weighs between 150 and 250 g. Its plumage is primarily grayish, with a darker head and back and a lighter belly. Males have a lighter plumage than females, which are generally larger and darker. This falcon primarily inhabits open areas such as meadows, heathlands, and sparse forests, as well as mountains and agricultural zones. It hunts by flying at high speed, capturing small birds, insects, and sometimes small mammals. Its flight is fast and direct, often interrupted by sharp turns and dives to capture its prey. While the species is not endangered, it faces threats such as habitat loss and the reduction of its prey populations.

Lanner Falcon

Falco vespertinus

The Red-footed Falcon is a small raptor, particularly recognizable by its delicate plumage and vivid colors. It measures about 30 to 35 cm in length, with a wingspan of 70 to 80 cm, and weighs between 150 and 200 g. The adult male has a distinctive blue-gray plumage, with pointed wings and a lighter head, while the female is browner and slightly larger. The Red-footed Falcon primarily inhabits open areas such as meadows, agricultural fields, and steppes in Eastern Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It primarily preys on insects, small birds, and sometimes reptiles. This falcon is known for its ability to catch prey in flight, performing fast and precise maneuvers. It is particularly active at dusk and in the evening, hence its name "Red-footed" (referring to its late-day hunting). Although the species is not yet endangered, it is threatened by habitat loss and the decline of its prey populations.

Peregrine Falcon

Falco peregrinus

The Peregrine Falcon is a medium-sized raptor, known for its impressive speed and exceptional hunting abilities. It measures between 40 and 50 cm in length, with a wingspan of 100 to 120 cm, and weighs between 600 and 1,000 g. Its plumage is typically blue-gray on the back, with a lighter belly and black markings on the head and wings. The Peregrine Falcon is especially famous for its stooping hunting technique, where it can reach speeds exceeding 300 km/h, making it the fastest animal in the world. It primarily feeds on birds, which it catches in flight, but can also hunt small mammals. The Peregrine Falcon lives in a variety of habitats, including cliffs, urban buildings, and coastal areas. It is a widely distributed species, found on every continent except Antarctica. Although it was once threatened by hunting and pesticides, it has now made a recovery thanks to conservation efforts, including the release of young birds and habitat protection programs.

Blackcap

Sylvia atricapilla

The blackcap is a small passerine bird found primarily in forests, hedgerows, and gardens across Europe and Western Asia. It is easily recognized by its black head in the male (brown in the female) and its gray-olive plumage. This bird is an excellent singer, with a melodious song composed of trills and whistles. It feeds on small insects, berries, and seeds. Very discreet, it often goes unnoticed despite its frequent presence.

Barred warbler

Sylvia curruca

The barred warbler is a small bird found primarily in bushes and hedgerows in agricultural areas and open woodlands across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its grey-brown plumage and characteristic dark streaks on its back and wings. This passerine bird is very active, often moving through foliage in search of insects and berries. The barred warbler is also known for its rich and varied song.

Garden warbler

Sylvia borin

The garden warbler is a small passerine bird found primarily in hedgerows, gardens, and bushes across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its grey-olive plumage, light belly, and keen eyes. This small bird is especially known for its powerful and melodious song, which it performs during the breeding season. It primarily feeds on insects and berries, which it finds in bushes and trees.

Sardinian warbler

Sylvia communis

The Sardinian warbler is a small passerine bird found primarily in scrublands, maquis, and Mediterranean regions. It is easily recognized by its light gray plumage, brown back, and pale belly. This bird is primarily insectivorous, feeding on small prey such as insects and spiders, which it captures by rummaging through bushes and vegetation. It is also known for its melodious song and discreet movements in the underbrush.

Alpine warbler

Sylvia subalpina

The alpine warbler is a small passerine of 12–13 cm with olive-brown, faintly streaked plumage and buff flanks. It inhabits alpine heath, subalpine meadows and open coniferous woodland. It feeds mainly on insects and spiders captured in vegetation. During breeding, males sing in flight or from elevated perches to attract females.

Andean flamingo

Phoenicoparrus andinus

The Andean flamingo is a rare species of flamingo that inhabits saline and alkaline lagoons of the high Andes plateaus, primarily in Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia. It is distinguished by its white plumage and pale pink hues, as well as its graceful silhouette. This species is threatened by habitat loss and human disturbance and is listed as a protected species. It primarily feeds on algae and small crustaceans found in saline waters.

Lesser Flamingo

Phoeniconaias minor

The Lesser Flamingo, Phoeniconaias minor, is a graceful and slender bird, primarily found in the alkaline lakes of East Africa and some regions of India. It is distinguished by its pale pink plumage, long and thin legs, and a dark red, curved beak. This flamingo is the smallest of its kind, standing about 80 to 90 cm tall. It lives in large colonies, often consisting of thousands of individuals, which helps protect it from predators. Its diet mainly consists of blue-green algae and small crustaceans, which it filters with its specialized beak. The Lesser Flamingo is a migratory bird, moving according to seasonal water level changes.

Greater Flamingo

Phoenicopterus roseus

The Greater Flamingo is a large bird with distinctive plumage, easily recognizable by its vivid colors and graceful silhouette. It stands about 1.4 to 1.7 meters tall and weighs between 2.5 and 4 kg. Its plumage is primarily pale pink, with more intense shades on the wings, and its long legs and neck give it a majestic posture. The Flamingo's beak is curved downward, allowing it to filter water and feed primarily on plankton, small shrimp, and algae. This bird primarily inhabits wetlands, saline lagoons, and salt marshes, where it often gathers in large colonies. Flamingos feed by dipping their heads into the water while walking in shallow waters, using their beaks to filter food. While the species is not threatened, it faces risks related to habitat loss, pollution, and human disturbance.

Red-footed booby

Sula sula

The red-footed booby is a remarkable seabird, easily recognized by its red feet and its white and brown plumage. It primarily lives on tropical islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, where it nests on cliffs or trees near water. It feeds mainly on fish, which it catches by diving from heights. It is a social species living in colonies, but it faces threats due to habitat loss and human disturbances.

Northern gannet

Morus bassanus

The Northern Gannet is a large seabird, easily recognized by its brilliant white plumage and large black-tipped wings. It measures about 85 cm in length, with a wingspan of 170 to 180 cm, and weighs between 2.5 and 3.5 kg. Its long, pointed beak, along with its pale yellowish head, makes it a formidable predator in its marine environment. The Northern Gannet primarily inhabits the rocky coasts of the North Atlantic, where it nests in impressive colonies, often situated on steep cliffs. This bird is an excellent diver, catching its prey by plunging dramatically from heights of up to 30 meters, reaching speeds in excess of 100 km/h. Its diet mainly consists of fish, which it catches either in flight or by diving underwater. While the species is not endangered, it faces risks such as marine pollution, declining fish populations, and disturbances to its nesting sites.

Common moorhen

Fulica atra

The common moorhen is an aquatic bird easily recognized by its black plumage, bright red beak, and white frontal shield. It is primarily found in wetlands, lakes, and marshes across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The common moorhen is omnivorous, feeding on aquatic plants, insects, and small fish. It is also known for its territorial behavior and quick flights when disturbed.

Common Pochard

Aythya ferina

The Common Pochard is a medium-sized diving duck, measuring between 42 and 49 cm in length. The male has a reddish-brown head, black breast, and light grey body, while the female displays a more subdued brown-grey plumage. This species inhabits lakes, ponds, and slow-flowing rivers rich in aquatic vegetation. It feeds mainly on aquatic plants but also consumes invertebrates. The Common Pochard is migratory, breeding in Europe and Asia, and wintering further south. It is currently classified as vulnerable due to population declines, primarily caused by habitat loss and pollution.

Scaup

Aythya marila

The scaup is a diving duck found primarily in lakes, ponds, and wetlands across Europe, Asia, and North America. It is easily recognizable by its contrasting black and white plumage, blue-green beak, and rounded head. This duck primarily feeds on aquatic plants and small invertebrates, which it captures by diving underwater. During the breeding season, it builds its nest in aquatic vegetation or near the shores.

Tufted Duck

Aythya fuligula

The Tufted Duck is a medium-sized, elegant diving duck, measuring 40 to 47 cm in length. The male displays glossy black plumage with striking white flanks and a distinctive black tuft on the back of the head. The female is dark brown with paler flanks and a more modest tuft. Both sexes have a bluish-grey bill and bright yellow eyes. This species frequents lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and slow-moving rivers, often in flocks, and prefers areas rich in aquatic vegetation. It feeds mainly on mollusks, insect larvae, crustaceans, and aquatic seeds. A partial migrant, it is present year-round in temperate regions. Generally of Least Concern, though locally threatened by water pollution and wetland loss.

Ferruginous Duck

Aythya nyroca

The Ferruginous Duck is a small diving duck measuring between 38 and 42 cm in length with a wingspan of 63 to 67 cm. The male has a dark chestnut plumage with white undertail coverts and distinctive white eyes. The female is duller brown with dark brown eyes. This species inhabits shallow lakes, marshes, and ponds rich in aquatic vegetation, preferring calm areas with dense reed beds. It feeds mainly on seeds and aquatic plants, supplemented by mollusks, aquatic insects, and small fish. The Ferruginous Duck is migratory, breeding in Eastern Europe and Asia, and wintering in North Africa, South Asia, and around the Mediterranean. Listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN, it faces habitat loss, pollution, and illegal hunting.

Northern Fulmar

Fulmarus glacialis

The Northern Fulmar, or Fulmarus glacialis, is a robust seabird often mistaken for a gull due to its grey and white plumage. However, it is stockier with a short, hooked bill. This bird is primarily found in Arctic and subarctic regions, nesting on coastal cliffs. Known for its graceful gliding flight, it can cover long distances at sea. The Northern Fulmar feeds mainly on fish, crustaceans, and marine waste. It is also famous for its olfactory defense, emitting a foul-smelling oil to deter predators. Although generally not very shy, it remains cautious of human intrusions.

Eurasian moorhen

Gallinula chloropus

The Eurasian moorhen is an aquatic bird found mainly in wetlands, marshes, lakes, and rivers across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is easily recognized by its dark plumage, bright red and yellow beak, and prominent forehead. This aquatic passerine primarily feeds on aquatic plants, small invertebrates, and insects. The moorhen is also known for its discreet behavior and tendency to hide in dense vegetation.

Common Goldeneye

Bucephala clangula

The Common Goldeneye is a medium-sized diving duck, measuring about 42 to 50 cm in length. The breeding male has a glossy dark green head, a distinct white spot below the eye, and a bright yellow eye. The female is brown with a chocolate-colored head and a subtle white collar. It inhabits lakes, slow rivers, and coastal bays in Europe, Asia, and North America. A migratory species, it nests in tree cavities or artificial nest boxes. Its diet includes mollusks, crustaceans, aquatic insects, and small fish. Though generally of Least Concern, it may be impacted locally by the loss of natural nesting sites.

Smew

Mergellus albellus

The smew is a small diving duck, 38–42 cm long, with the male’s striking black-and-white plumage and the female’s more subdued brownish tones. It inhabits lakes, ponds, and calm rivers with riparian vegetation in boreal and temperate regions. An expert diver, it feeds on small fish and aquatic invertebrates.

Blue Jay

Cyanocitta cristata

The Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata, is a striking bird with predominantly blue plumage accented with white and black. Easily recognizable by its distinctive crest and loud call, this bird is omnivorous, feeding on seeds, insects, and occasionally small vertebrates. It is commonly found in deciduous and mixed forests, as well as urban parks and gardens. Known for its intelligence, the Blue Jay can mimic sounds, including the calls of other birds. It plays a crucial role in seed dispersal, aiding forest regeneration.

Green Jay

Cyanocorax yncas

The Green Jay, or Cyanocorax yncas, is a striking bird with vibrant plumage, primarily green with shades of blue and yellow. It inhabits the tropical and subtropical forests of Central and South America. This sociable bird lives in groups and is known for its intelligence and tool-using abilities. It primarily feeds on insects, fruits, and seeds. The Green Jay is also an excellent mimic of sounds, allowing it to communicate effectively with its peers. Its presence is often marked by its distinctive calls and agile flight through the dense canopy.

Wood grouse

Tetrastes bonasia

The Hazel Grouse is a small, terrestrial bird belonging to the pheasant family, easily recognizable by its subtly colored plumage and robust build. It measures about 40 to 45 cm in length and weighs between 500 and 700 g. Its plumage is primarily brown and gray, with patterns of spots and bars that allow it to blend effectively into the dense vegetation of forests. The Hazel Grouse primarily inhabits dense deciduous and mixed forests, where it feeds on seeds, berries, young shoots, and insects. Although it is rather discreet and difficult to spot, it is often heard through its soft, deep call. The Hazel Grouse is a fairly sedentary bird, but it may migrate short distances depending on weather conditions. It is also an emblematic bird of wooded areas and forest landscapes. While it is not endangered, the Hazel Grouse may be threatened by the loss of its forest habitat and the degradation of its breeding sites.

European pied flycatcher

Ficedula hypoleuca

The pied flycatcher is a small migratory passerine, 11–13 cm long, with striking black-and-white plumage: the male has a glossy black back and head contrasting with a white belly, while the female shows duller brownish tones. It inhabits open woodlands, forest edges, and parks, feeding mainly on insects and spiders caught in flight or gleaned from foliage. During the breeding season, the male performs aerial chases and sings to attract the female and defend his territory.

Herring Gull

Larus argentatus

The herring gull is a large seabird in the family Laridae, up to 66 cm long with a wingspan of up to 1.4 m. It has a white head, body and tail, grey back and wings with black wingtips marked with white spots, and pink legs. It breeds in coastal colonies on islands, cliffs and urban roofs, foraging on fish, crustaceans, invertebrates and human refuse. The breeding season runs from April to June, when it lays 2–3 eggs in a simple ground scrape.

Glaucous gull

Larus hyperboreus

The Glaucous Gull is a large seabird, easily recognizable by its imposing size and distinctive plumage. It measures between 60 and 70 cm in length, with a wingspan of 140 to 150 cm, and weighs between 1.2 and 2.5 kg. Its plumage is primarily white, with light gray wings and black markings on the tips of the feathers. The head and beak are generally yellow, with a red band on the beak. This gull is an excellent swimmer and an opportunistic hunter, feeding mainly on fish, crustaceans, and human waste when near urban areas or ports. The Glaucous Gull primarily inhabits coastal regions of the Arctic and North Atlantic and is well adapted to cold, marine environments. Although it is not endangered, it faces risks related to pollution, habitat loss, and human disturbances.

Yellow-legged gull

Larus michahellis

The yellow-legged gull is a large seabird found primarily along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts. It is easily recognized by its white plumage, gray wings, and yellow legs. This gull is omnivorous and feeds on fish, marine invertebrates, and food waste, making it an opportunist. It is also known for its nesting behaviors on rocky coastlines and cliffs and can occasionally be seen in urban areas.

Great Black-backed Gull

Larus marinus

The Great Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus, is the largest gull, with an impressive wingspan of up to 1.7 meters. Its plumage is mainly white with a black back, and it has pink legs. Found primarily along the North Atlantic coasts, it feeds on fish, smaller birds, and carrion. Opportunistic, it often ventures into ports and landfills for food. Although often solitary, it can be seen in groups during nesting. Its call is loud and harsh, typical of gulls. During the breeding season, it builds its nest on cliffs or rocky islands, usually laying three eggs.

Bluethroat

Luscinia svecica

The Bluethroat is a small songbird, easily recognizable by its bright blue throat, bordered by a black band, forming a distinctive "mirror" pattern. It measures about 13 to 14 cm in length, with a wingspan of 22 to 25 cm, and weighs around 15 to 20 g. Its plumage is generally brownish on the back and light on the belly, with white and orange markings on the sides of its chest. The Bluethroat is primarily found in marshy areas, shrublands, and riverbanks in Europe and Central Asia, although some populations migrate to North Africa during the winter. It is especially known for its melodious song, which is often heard during the breeding season. The species primarily feeds on insects, worms, and small berries. While the Bluethroat is not endangered, it faces risks related to the loss of its natural habitat and changes in wetland areas.

Great green macaw

Ara ambiguus

The Great Green Macaw is a large, colorful, and majestic parrot known for its vibrant green plumage, with touches of blue, yellow, and red on the wings and face. It measures about 85 to 95 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.2 to 1.4 meters, and weighs between 900 and 1,200 g. Its dominant green plumage is complemented by blue feathers on the wings and red around the face and chest. The Great Green Macaw primarily inhabits the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, notably in Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. It feeds mainly on fruits, nuts, seeds, and flowers. This parrot is highly social and typically lives in family or small groups, but can also be seen in large flocks in its natural habitat. Although the Great Green Macaw is not yet immediately endangered, it faces threats such as habitat loss, illegal wildlife trade, and deforestation.

Common raven

Corvus corax

The common raven is an impressive bird found in mountains, forests, and open areas across Europe, Asia, and North America. It is easily recognized by its large size, glossy black plumage, and hoarse call. This corvid is known for its exceptional intelligence and complex social behavior. It primarily feeds on carcasses, insects, and sometimes fruits and seeds.

Great cormorant

Phalacrocorax carbo

The great cormorant is a large waterbird found across much of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is easily recognized by its glossy black plumage, long neck, and sharp, pointed beak. This cormorant primarily feeds on fish, which it catches by diving into the water, using its diving technique to capture prey underwater. The great cormorant is also an excellent swimmer and powerful flier.

Eurasian eagle-owl

Bubo bubo

The Eurasian Eagle-Owl is a large nocturnal raptor, one of the most imposing owls in the world. It measures between 60 and 70 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.6 to 1.8 meters, and weighs between 1.5 and 4.5 kg. Its plumage is primarily brown, with white and black mottled patterns, and its eyes are bright orange, giving the bird a piercing gaze. It also has tufts of feathers on its head that resemble ears, which give it a distinctive appearance. The Eurasian Eagle-Owl primarily inhabits forests, mountains, and rocky areas in Europe, Western Asia, and the Middle East. It is an opportunistic hunter, feeding mainly on small mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles or amphibians. The Eurasian Eagle-Owl is a solitary and territorial bird, known for its powerful and deep calls, often heard at night. While the species is not endangered, it may be affected by the destruction of its natural habitat and human disturbances.

Common Ringed Plover

Charadrius hiaticula

The Ringed Plover is a small coastal bird, easily recognizable by its compact size and distinctive plumage. It measures about 20 to 23 cm in length, with a wingspan of 40 to 45 cm, and weighs between 40 and 60 g. Its plumage is mainly beige and white, with black markings on its head and chest, and a distinctive black band around its eyes. The Ringed Plover is a migratory bird, primarily found on beaches, shorelines, and mudflats, where it feeds on small invertebrates, such as worms, crustaceans, and insects. It is often seen running quickly on the sand, searching for food, then stopping abruptly to catch it. The Ringed Plover lives in colonies during the breeding season, but generally prefers to remain alone or in small groups. Although it is not currently endangered, the Ringed Plover is vulnerable to human disturbances, such as the loss of its coastal habitat and the impact of pollution.

Great skua

Stercorarius skua

The Great Skua is a large, powerful seabird, belonging to the Stercorariidae family. It measures about 50 to 60 cm in length, with a wingspan of 120 to 130 cm, and weighs between 500 and 1,000 g. Its plumage is primarily brown and gray, with white markings on the wings and a generally dark head. The Great Skua is a migratory bird, found mainly in the coastal regions of the North Atlantic, particularly in Northern Europe, Iceland, Greenland, and parts of Canada. It is especially known for its piratical behavior, stealing food from other seabirds, such as gulls or fishing birds, by chasing them and forcing them to abandon their catch. While territorial, it is also an excellent swimmer and diver, feeding mainly on fish and crustaceans. The Great Skua is vulnerable to the loss of its coastal habitat and human disturbances, including pollution and disruptions caused by tourism.

Great White Pelican

Pelecanus onocrotalus

The Great White Pelican, or Pelecanus onocrotalus, is a large aquatic bird easily recognizable by its bright white plumage and long, voluminous bill with an expandable pouch. It primarily inhabits freshwater lakes and marshes, but can also be found in estuaries and coastal lagoons. This gregarious bird is often seen in large groups, flying in formation or resting on shores. It feeds mainly on fish, which it catches by dipping its bill into the water. Its collective fishing technique is fascinating, as several individuals form a circle to trap fish. The Great White Pelican is a symbol of cooperation and harmony in nature.

Western capercaillie

Tetrao urogallus

The Capercaillie is a large bird of the pheasant family, easily recognizable by its imposing size and distinctive plumage. It measures about 80 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.2 meters and a weight ranging from 3 to 6 kg for males and 2 to 3 kg for females. The male's plumage is dark, with a reddish chest, a crest of feathers on the head, and a large V-shaped tail. The female, on the other hand, is more discreet, with a brown mottled plumage that allows her to better blend into the environment. The Capercaillie primarily inhabits coniferous and deciduous forests, particularly in the mountains and wooded areas of Europe, notably in France, Switzerland, Germany, and other mountainous regions. It feeds mainly on young shoots, seeds, fruits, and insects. This bird is also known for its spectacular mating displays, during which the male puffs up his chest, spreads his tail, and makes powerful calls to attract females. Although the species is not immediately endangered, the Capercaillie faces threats from deforestation, human disturbance, and habitat loss.

Great horned owl

Bubo virginianus

The Great Horned Owl is a large nocturnal raptor, one of the most imposing owls on the American continent. It measures between 50 and 70 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.2 to 1.5 meters, and weighs between 1.5 and 2.5 kg. Its plumage is mainly brown, speckled with black, with lighter markings on its belly and wings. It has large tufts of feathers on its head that resemble ears, and piercing yellow eyes. This owl inhabits a variety of habitats, including forests, wooded areas, and open landscapes across North America, notably in the United States, Canada, and Central America. It is primarily nocturnal and carnivorous, feeding on small mammals, birds, and occasionally reptiles. It is also known for its impressive hunting abilities, flying silently to surprise its prey. Although the Great Horned Owl is not currently threatened, it may be affected by habitat loss and human disturbance.

Great Egret

Ardea alba

The Great Egret is a large wading bird, easily recognizable by its entirely white plumage, long legs, and long, sinuous neck. It stands about 85 to 105 cm tall, with a wingspan of 1.3 to 1.7 meters, and weighs between 800 and 1,500 g. The Great Egret has a long, slender yellow beak and bright green eyes. It primarily inhabits wetlands, marshes, estuaries, and lake shores in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. This bird is an excellent fisherman, feeding mainly on fish, crustaceans, and aquatic insects, which it captures by diving or slowly probing the water with its beak. During the breeding season, the Great Egret is known for its elegant courtship dances and its plumage adorned with long, delicate feathers, giving it a majestic appearance. While the species is not endangered, it is sometimes threatened by habitat loss and water pollution.

Eared Grebe

Podiceps nigricollis

The Eared Grebe is a small grebe measuring between 28 and 35 cm in length with a wingspan of 57 to 59 cm. In breeding plumage, it has a black head adorned with golden feathers forming a crest, a black neck, a black chest, and chestnut flanks. In non-breeding plumage, it is more subdued, with a black back, black cap, white cheeks, and a white belly. It frequents shallow lakes and ponds, rich in aquatic vegetation, where it primarily feeds on small fish and aquatic invertebrates. Reproduction occurs in summer, with a clutch of 3 to 6 eggs laid in a floating nest. The young are capable of swimming shortly after hatching and can be carried on the parents' backs. A migratory species, it winters in the Mediterranean and warmer regions. Listed as Least Concern by the IUCN.

Little Grebe

Tachybaptus ruficollis

The Little Grebe is the smallest European grebe, measuring about 29 cm in length with a wingspan of 40 to 45 cm. In breeding plumage, it has a bright chestnut throat and nape, giving it its name, and a yellow spot at the base of the bill. In non-breeding plumage, it is more subdued, with a dark brown back and a light belly. It inhabits wetlands such as lakes, ponds, marshes, and reed beds, where it can easily hide. It feeds primarily on aquatic insects, small crustaceans, tadpoles, and small fish. Reproduction occurs from March to July, with one or two clutches of 4 to 7 eggs each. The young are precocial and can swim and dive immediately after hatching. A partial migrant, it winters in the milder regions of Europe. Listed as Least Concern by the IUCN.

Great Crested Grebe

Podiceps cristatus

The Great Crested Grebe is the largest of the European grebes, measuring between 46 and 51 cm in length with a wingspan of 85 to 90 cm. In breeding plumage, it has a black crest, a reddish collar, and a long, pointed bill. In non-breeding plumage, it is more subdued, with a dark back and a light belly. It inhabits shallow lakes, ponds, and marshes, often surrounded by aquatic vegetation. It primarily feeds on fish, aquatic insects, and small crustaceans. Reproduction occurs in spring and summer, with a clutch of 3 to 6 eggs laid in a floating nest. The young, with black and white striped plumage, are often carried on the parents' backs. A partial migrant, it winters in the Mediterranean and warmer regions. Listed as Least Concern by the IUCN.

Red-necked grebe

Podiceps grisegena

The red-necked grebe is a water bird found primarily in lakes, ponds, and wetlands across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its contrasting plumage, with a reddish-orange head and neck during the breeding season and more subdued plumage outside of it. This grebe primarily feeds on fish, aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic plants, which it captures by diving underwater. It is also known for its spectacular courtship displays.

Treecreeper

Certhia familiaris

The treecreeper is a small woodland bird found primarily in mixed forests, hedgerows, and gardens across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its streaked brown plumage, light belly, and its distinctive movement as it climbs tree trunks and branches in a spiraling fashion. It primarily feeds on insects found in the cracks of tree bark.

Song thrush

Turdus philomelos

The song thrush is a passerine bird found primarily in forests, hedgerows, and gardens across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is easily recognizable by its spotted plumage on the chest and belly, and its olive-brown back. This bird primarily feeds on earthworms, insects, and berries, and is particularly known for its powerful and melodious song, which varies depending on its location and the breeding season.

Mistle thrush

Turdus viscivorus

The mistle thrush is a ground-dwelling bird found primarily in open woodlands, hedgerows, and cultivated areas across Europe and Asia. It is distinguished by its grey-brown plumage and dark spots on its belly. The mistle thrush is particularly known for its aggressive behavior when defending its territory, emitting loud songs and harsh calls. It primarily feeds on berries, fruits, and small insects.

Hawfinch

Coccothraustes coccothraustes

The Hawfinch is a small passerine bird with a very powerful beak, designed to crack hard seeds and kernels. It measures about 22 cm in length and weighs between 50 and 70 g. Its plumage is mainly brown and gray, with white markings and a black patch on the head, while its wings are black with distinct white spots. The beak is wide, conical, and very robust, and it is the most remarkable feature of the bird. The Hawfinch primarily inhabits forests and wooded gardens in Europe and Western Asia, notably in France, Germany, Russia, and Turkey. It primarily feeds on seeds, particularly fruit pits and tree seeds. Its behavior is rather discreet and solitary, although it can be seen in small groups during the winter months. While the species is not endangered, habitat loss and deforestation may pose potential threats.

Whooping Crane

Grus americana

The Whooping Crane, or Grus americana, is a majestic and rare bird known for its large size and striking white plumage. It is characterized by its long legs and slender neck, as well as a distinctive red patch on the top of its head. This migratory bird travels long distances between its breeding grounds in northern Canada and its wintering areas in the southern United States. The Whooping Crane is a symbol of conservation, having been saved from extinction through intensive protection and captive breeding efforts. It primarily inhabits wetlands, where it feeds on small aquatic animals and vegetation.

Common Crane

Grus grus

The Common Crane is a large migratory bird, easily recognizable by its slender silhouette, long neck, and extended wings. It stands about 1.2 meters tall, with a wingspan of 2 to 2.5 meters, and weighs between 4 and 6 kg. Its plumage is mainly gray, with white markings on the head, neck, and wings. It has a red head and a small tuft of feathers on top, giving it a distinctive appearance. The Common Crane primarily inhabits wetlands, marshes, and lakes across Europe and Asia, with large populations in Scandinavia, Germany, Poland, and the Mediterranean Basin. It is a migratory bird that travels to southern Europe and Africa for the winter. It feeds mainly on plants, roots, seeds, and occasionally insects. The Common Crane is also known for its impressive group migrations, with thousands of individuals flying in a "V" formation. While the species is not endangered, it is vulnerable to the loss of its natural habitat and disruption of its breeding sites.

Japanese crane

Grus japonensis

The Japanese Crane is a large migratory bird, recognized for its elegant silhouette and spectacular courtship dances. It stands about 140 cm tall, with a wingspan of 2.4 to 2.8 meters, and weighs between 6 and 10 kg. Its plumage is mainly white, with black feathers on its back and wings, and a distinct red head, which is often featherless. It also has black patches around its eyes. The Japanese Crane primarily inhabits marshes, rice fields, and wetlands in Japan, but it is also found in China and Russia. It mainly feeds on aquatic plants, seeds, small insects, and occasionally small fish. This species is famous for its ritual courtship dances, during which the partners engage in graceful jumps and movements. The Japanese Crane is an endangered species due to habitat loss, pollution, and poaching. Conservation efforts have been made to protect its breeding habitats and resting areas.

Crowned crane

Balearica regulorum

The Crowned Crane is a large crane species, easily recognizable by its majestic golden plume crown on its head. It stands about 1 meter tall, with a wingspan of 1.8 to 2.2 meters, and weighs between 3 and 5 kg. Its plumage is mainly light gray, with white feathers on its belly and wings, and a head adorned with a golden crest, giving it a royal appearance. This species is primarily found in East Africa, notably in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, where it inhabits wetlands, marshes, and grasslands. The Crowned Crane primarily feeds on seeds, roots, insects, and occasionally small vertebrates. It is a social bird, living in groups and often performing spectacular courtship displays, during which it engages in dances and calls. Although the Crowned Crane is considered "vulnerable," conservation efforts have been implemented to protect the species, as it faces threats from habitat loss, hunting, and human disturbance.

European Bee-eater

Merops apiaster

The European Bee-eater is a small, colorful bird, easily recognizable by its vibrant plumage, which features a combination of bright colors, mainly blue, green, yellow, and orange. It measures about 28 to 30 cm in length, with a wingspan of 40 to 45 cm, and weighs between 30 and 40 g. Its beak is long and pointed, perfectly adapted to catching insects in flight, primarily wasps, bees, and other flying insects. The European Bee-eater primarily inhabits open areas, grasslands, forest edges, and steppes in Europe, as well as North Africa and Western Asia. It is migratory and mostly travels to sub-Saharan Africa for the winter. This small bird lives in colonies, and its nests are often dug into cliffs or riverbanks. The European Bee-eater is known for its swift flights and acrobatic behavior while capturing its prey. Although the species is not endangered, it may be threatened by habitat loss and human disturbances, such as the degradation of natural habitats.

Blue-cheeked Bee-eater

Merops persicus

The Blue-cheeked Bee-eater, or Merops persicus, is a strikingly colorful bird known for its vivid green plumage, blue throat, and distinctive black eye stripe. Measuring about 28 to 30 cm in length, it features long, pointed wings and a forked tail. This migratory bird primarily feeds on flying insects, especially bees, wasps, and dragonflies, which it catches in flight with remarkable agility. It inhabits open areas, savannas, and riverbanks, often seen in groups. During the breeding season, it digs burrows in sandy banks for nesting. The Blue-cheeked Bee-eater is a fascinating sight for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.

Black tern

Chlidonias niger

The black tern is a small tern of 23–26 cm with contrasting black and white breeding plumage and a slender body. It inhabits freshwater wetlands, marshes and shallow lakes, feeding on insects and small fish caught in flight by pattering over the water surface. During breeding, it nests on floating vegetation, lays 2–4 eggs and defends its territory with swift aerial displays and sharp calls.

Black Guillemot

Cepphus grylle

The Black Guillemot is a medium-sized seabird, measuring between 32 and 38 cm in length with a wingspan of 49 to 58 cm. In breeding plumage, it has a black body with a large white wing patch, bright red feet, and a red interior to its bill. In winter, its plumage becomes paler, with a light grey back and head and white underparts. It inhabits rocky coasts of the North Atlantic and Arctic, nesting in crevices of cliffs or under rocks. Its diet mainly consists of fish, crustaceans, and mollusks, which it captures by diving up to 50 meters deep. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it is sensitive to marine pollution and predation by introduced species.

Common guillemot

Uria aalge

The Common Guillemot is a seabird characterized by its black and white plumage, and its streamlined body which allows it to swim with agility. It measures about 40 to 45 cm in length and weighs between 500 and 700 g. Its head is black with sharp white eyes, and its wings are short and pointed, suited for diving. The Common Guillemot primarily lives on coastal cliffs, where it nests in very dense colonies, often on inaccessible sites. It is found mainly in Northern Europe, particularly in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, and Iceland, but also along the coasts of the North Atlantic. The Common Guillemot is an excellent diver, primarily feeding on fish, particularly small herring and capelin, which it catches by diving underwater in search of prey. While the species is not endangered, it is vulnerable to marine pollution, climate change, and disruption of its breeding sites.

Bearded Vulture

Gypaetus barbatus

The Bearded Vulture is a large vulture, easily recognizable by its distinctive head, large wings, and brown and white plumage. It measures about 1.1 to 1.3 meters in length, with a wingspan of 2.6 to 2.8 meters, and weighs between 4.5 and 7.5 kg. Its head is covered with dark feathers, while its wings and back are mainly brown, with lighter feathers on its belly. The Bearded Vulture is unique among vultures for its feeding behavior, as it primarily feeds on bones. It is capable of breaking the hardest bones by dropping them from great heights to shatter them, allowing it to access the bone marrow. It primarily inhabits mountains, notably the Alps, the Pyrenees, and the Himalayas, where it also feeds on carcasses of dead animals, such as chamois or mouflons. Although the species was once endangered, conservation efforts have helped restore its population in certain areas. However, the Bearded Vulture remains vulnerable to human disturbance, habitat loss, and the decline of its natural prey.

Long-tailed duck

Clangula hyemalis

The Common Eider is a medium-sized seabird, easily recognizable by its distinctive plumage and diving behavior. It measures about 40 cm in length, with a wingspan of 65 to 75 cm, and weighs between 500 and 900 g. Its plumage is primarily black and white, with a black head, a wide white band around the neck, and white spots on the wings. The male, during the breeding season, has a bright orange beak and a distinctive white line running from the beak to the back of the head. The Common Eider primarily inhabits the cold waters of the North Atlantic, notably around the coasts of Iceland, Greenland, Canada, and Northern Europe. It is an excellent diver, feeding mainly on small fish, crustaceans, and marine invertebrates, which it captures underwater. The Common Eider migrates southward during the winter. Although the species is not currently endangered, it is vulnerable to marine pollution, climate change, and disturbance of its breeding sites.

Snowy owl

Bubo scandiacus

The Snowy Owl is a large nocturnal raptor, easily recognizable by its pure white plumage, speckled with dark spots on its back and wings. It measures about 55 to 65 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.3 to 1.5 meters, and weighs between 1.5 and 2.5 kg. Its head is round, with large, piercing yellow eyes and a short, hooked beak. The Snowy Owl primarily inhabits the Arctic regions, notably in Canada, Alaska, Scandinavia, and Russia, where it frequents tundras and snowy landscapes. It primarily feeds on small mammals, such as lemmings, but also hunts birds and occasionally fish. This raptor is an excellent hunter, capable of spotting its prey with its keen vision, even in low light conditions. Although the Snowy Owl is not currently endangered, it is sensitive to climate change and the loss of its natural habitat.

Common Merganser

Mergus merganser

The Common Merganser is a large diving duck measuring between 58 and 71 cm in length, with a wingspan of 82 to 97 cm. The male features a dark green iridescent head, white body, and black back, while the female has a reddish-brown crested head and light gray body. This duck is characterized by its long, slender red bill with serrated edges, ideal for catching slippery fish. It inhabits clear-water rivers and lakes in forested regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. Nesting in tree cavities or cliff crevices, it lays between 6 and 17 eggs per season. Its diet mainly consists of fish, but also includes amphibians, crustaceans, and aquatic insects. Although listed as Least Concern, habitat loss can locally impact its populations.

Hooded merganser

Lophodytes cucullatus

The Hooded Merganser is a medium-sized duck, easily recognizable by its distinctive crest and vibrant colors. It measures about 40 to 50 cm in length, with a wingspan of 60 to 70 cm, and weighs between 400 and 700 g. The male, during the breeding season, has a black and white head with an impressive crest of white feathers on top. Its plumage is mainly black and white, with shades of brown and green, and it has a short, wide beak adapted for feeding on fish, crustaceans, and aquatic invertebrates. The female, on the other hand, is more subtle, with light brown plumage and a less prominent crest. The Hooded Merganser primarily inhabits North America, particularly in the northeastern United States, where it frequents lakes, rivers, and wetland areas. It is an excellent diver, capable of diving underwater to capture its prey. Although the species is not in immediate danger, it is vulnerable to habitat loss and water pollution.

Red-breasted Merganser

Mergus serrator

The Red-breasted Merganser is a slender diving duck, measuring about 52 to 58 cm in length with a wingspan of 67 to 82 cm. The male features a dark green head with a shaggy crest, a white collar, a rusty speckled chest, and a thin red bill. The female has a reddish-brown head with a more subdued crest, a grayish body, and a duller red bill. This duck inhabits coastal waters, estuaries, bays, and large lakes, favoring saline or brackish areas. It primarily feeds on small fish, but also consumes crustaceans, aquatic insects, and amphibians, captured using its serrated bill adapted for fishing. A migratory species, it nests on the ground near water, often concealed under vegetation or in rocky crevices. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, the Red-breasted Merganser is sensitive to water pollution, coastal habitat destruction, and human disturbances.

Harpy eagle

Harpia harpyja

The Harpy Eagle is one of the most powerful and impressive raptors in the world, easily recognizable by its large size and distinctive crest of feathers on its head. It measures between 86 and 107 cm in length, with a wingspan of 2 to 2.3 meters, and weighs between 6 and 10 kg. Its plumage is primarily dark gray and black, with white spots on the wings and belly, and a head adorned with a crest of feathers, giving it an imposing appearance. The Harpy Eagle primarily inhabits the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, notably in Mexico, Panama, Colombia, and Brazil. Carnivorous, it primarily feeds on mammals such as monkeys, sloths, and coatis, which it captures in flight or on trees with its powerful talons. Although the Harpy Eagle is not yet critically endangered, its population is threatened by deforestation, habitat loss, and illegal hunting.

Gray heron

Ardea cinerea

The Grey Heron is a large wading bird, easily recognizable by its slender silhouette, long neck, and large legs. It stands about 90 cm tall, with a wingspan of 1.5 to 1.9 meters, and weighs between 1.5 and 2 kg. Its plumage is primarily gray, with white markings on the belly and underside of the wings, and a white head adorned with distinctive black feathers. It has a long, pointed yellow beak, adapted for capturing its prey, primarily fish, amphibians, insects, and occasionally small mammals. The Grey Heron inhabits wetlands, marshes, rivers, and lakes across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is an excellent hunter, patiently waiting by the water's edge to capture its prey with its beak. Although the species is not endangered, it can be vulnerable to water pollution, habitat loss, and human disturbance.

Indian pond heron

Ardeola grayii

The Indian pond heron is a small heron of about 45 cm, with buff-brown plumage and white flight feathers visible in flight. It inhabits freshwater wetlands, rice paddies and riverbanks, standing motionless before striking fish, amphibians and insects with a quick bill thrust. During breeding, it builds a stick nest in waterside shrubs and the male performs courtship displays by raising neck feathers.

Cattle heron

Bubulcus ibis

The Cattle Egret is a small heron with primarily white plumage, featuring touches of yellow on the neck and head during the breeding season. It measures about 55 to 60 cm in length, with a wingspan of 90 to 100 cm, and weighs between 300 and 500 g. This heron is notable for its social behavior, often seen in the company of large herds of cattle or near farm animals, hence its name "cattle egret." It takes advantage of the presence of these animals to hunt insects, worms, and other small animals disturbed by the movement of livestock. The Cattle Egret primarily inhabits Africa, Asia, and parts of Europe, such as the Mediterranean. It feeds mainly on small invertebrates, insects, and occasionally small fish, and is particularly efficient in agricultural and wetland areas. Although the species is widely spread, it may be vulnerable to habitat loss and changes in farming practices.

Purple Heron

Ardea purpurea

The Purple Heron is a large wading bird, easily recognizable by its colorful plumage, ranging from purple to reddish, with shades of brown and blue. It measures about 80 to 100 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.3 to 1.5 meters, and weighs between 600 and 1,200 g. Its beak is long, thin, and pointed, with a yellowish-green color, while its legs are long and gray. During the breeding season, the Purple Heron sports decorative plumes on its head and neck. It primarily inhabits wetlands, marshes, rivers, and lakes across Europe, Africa, and Asia, where it feeds on fish, crustaceans, small mammals, and occasionally insects. It primarily hunts at night or during twilight, using its great agility to capture prey in the water. Although the species is not immediately endangered, it is vulnerable to habitat loss, water pollution, and human disturbance.

Short-eared owl

Asio flammeus

The Short-eared Owl is a small nocturnal raptor, easily recognizable by its pale yellowish plumage and large, piercing yellow eyes. It measures about 34 to 40 cm in length, with a wingspan of 80 to 95 cm, and weighs between 180 and 400 g. Its face is disc-shaped, like that of other owls, and its plumage, which is cream or brown, is speckled with dark spots that provide excellent camouflage in the grasslands and marshes where it resides. The Short-eared Owl primarily inhabits open areas, such as marshes, grasslands, and farmland, across Europe, Asia, and North America. It mainly hunts small mammals, such as voles and mice, as well as birds and insects. This raptor is an excellent nocturnal hunter, using its very sensitive ears and sharp vision to locate prey in the dark. Although the species is not immediately endangered, it is vulnerable to habitat loss, water pollution, and human disturbance.

Long-eared owl

Asio otus

The Long-eared Owl is a medium-sized nocturnal raptor, easily recognizable by its large tufts of feathers shaped like "ears" on its head. It measures about 35 to 40 cm in length, with a wingspan of 85 to 100 cm, and weighs between 250 and 400 g. Its plumage is generally gray or brown with dark banded patterns, allowing it to blend perfectly in wooded and open forest areas. It has large yellow eyes and a disc-shaped face, like other owls, which helps it capture sound in the dark. The Long-eared Owl primarily inhabits forests, woodlands, and heathlands across Europe, Asia, and North Africa, where it primarily feeds on small mammals, such as voles, mice, and occasionally birds. It generally hunts at dusk, using its sharp vision and keen hearing to detect its prey. While the species is not endangered, it is vulnerable to deforestation and habitat loss.

Ethiopian Swallow

Hirundo aethiopica

The Ethiopian Swallow is a small, graceful bird, identifiable by its metallic blue back and white underparts. It has a forked tail typical of swallows. This species is mainly found in sub-Saharan Africa, frequenting open areas, villages, and towns. It is often seen in flight, hunting insects for food. The Ethiopian Swallow is a partial migrant, moving according to seasons and food availability. It builds a cup-shaped nest with mud, often under building eaves. Its population is stable, and it is not considered threatened.

House martin

Delichon urbicum

The house martin is a small migratory bird found mainly in urban and rural areas across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is easily recognized by its metallic blue back and its white throat and belly. This swallow builds its nest under roofs, on window ledges, and on building cornices. It primarily feeds on insects, which it catches mid-flight, often chasing swarms of insects at high speed.

Sand martin

Riparia riparia

The sand martin is a small migratory passerine bird found primarily along rivers, lakes, and wetland areas in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is easily recognized by its brown-olive plumage on the back and white on the belly, as well as its social behavior when it gathers in colonies to nest. This small bird primarily feeds on insects, which it captures in flight during its passes over the water.

Barn swallow

Hirundo rustica

The barn swallow is a small migratory bird found primarily in Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is easily recognizable by its metallic blue back, pointed wings, and deeply forked tail. This bird is often seen flying at high speeds, hunting insects which it catches mid-flight. The barn swallow builds its nest under roofs, in barns, or buildings, and undertakes an impressive long migration each year.

Hoatzin

Opisthocomus hoazin

The Hoatzin is a strange and fascinating bird, easily recognizable by its plume crest and distinctive plumage. Native to the tropical forests of South America, particularly in the Amazon Basin, this bird stands out for its leaf-based diet, which it digests through fermentation in its digestive system, a process similar to that of ruminants. It has short wings and prefers to move by hopping through trees or swimming. While not aggressive, the Hoatzin is a shy bird and difficult to observe, often hidden in dense vegetation.

Great curassow

Crax rubra

The Red-shouldered Hawk is a large bird of the Cracidae family, easily recognizable by its imposing plumage and its crest on the head. It measures about 75 to 90 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.2 to 1.4 meters, and weighs between 2 and 3 kg. Its plumage is primarily brown, with lighter feathers on the belly and distinctive markings on the wings and back. Its head is adorned with a reddish crest, giving it a distinctive appearance. The Red-shouldered Hawk lives primarily in the tropical and subtropical forests of Venezuela, Colombia, and Panama. It is often found in mountainous regions, where it frequents wooded areas and rocky slopes. The Red-shouldered Hawk is primarily herbivorous, feeding on fruits, seeds, and leaves. It is a terrestrial bird, preferring to move by walking rather than flying. Although the species is not critically endangered, it is vulnerable to deforestation and loss of its natural habitat.

Black Curassow

Crax alector

The Crax alector, commonly known as the Black Curassow, is a large bird from the Cracidae family, native to the tropical forests of South America. It is easily recognizable by its glossy black plumage and distinctive curly crest. Males have a bright yellow beak, while females display more subdued patterns. This bird prefers dense forest habitats where it primarily feeds on fruits, seeds, and insects. Although capable of flight, it spends most of its time on the ground. The Black Curassow plays a crucial role in seed dispersal, aiding in forest regeneration. Unfortunately, it is threatened by deforestation and excessive hunting, leading to population declines in some areas.

Wattled Curassow

Crax globulosa

The Crax globulosa, commonly known as the Wattled Curassow, is an impressive bird from the Cracidae family. It is distinguished by its glossy black plumage and characteristic crest. Males display a bright red wattle on their beak, particularly visible during the breeding season. This bird primarily inhabits the humid tropical forests of South America, especially in the Amazon. It is often seen near watercourses, where it feeds on fruits, seeds, and insects. Unfortunately, the Wattled Curassow is threatened by deforestation and hunting, leading to a significant decline in its population. Its conservation is crucial to preserving the biodiversity of its natural habitat.

Southern red-billed hornbill

Tockus leucomelas

The Southern Hornbill, also known as the Yellow-billed Hornbill, is a large tropical bird easily recognized by its large beak and distinctive casque. It measures about 55 cm in length and weighs between 130 and 150 g. Its plumage is primarily black and white, with characteristic yellow and orange hues on the beak and casque, giving it a striking appearance. The Southern Hornbill primarily inhabits forests and savannas in Southern Africa, notably in Namibia, South Africa, and Botswana. This bird is omnivorous, feeding on fruits, insects, small reptiles, and occasionally small mammals. It is known for its social behavior, often living in small groups or families. Although the species is not currently endangered, it can be vulnerable to habitat loss due to agriculture and deforestation.

Eurasian Oystercatcher

Haematopus ostralegus

The Eurasian Oystercatcher is a coastal bird easily recognizable by its black and white plumage and long orange beak. It measures about 40 to 45 cm in length, with a wingspan of 75 to 85 cm, and weighs between 300 and 400 g. Its beak is long and straight, ideal for digging up shellfish and other mollusks, which it primarily consumes, though it also feeds on worms and marine insects. The Eurasian Oystercatcher primarily inhabits the coasts of Europe, north-west Africa, and parts of Asia. It prefers beaches, estuaries, and mudflats where it can forage at low tide. This bird is very territorial and can be seen in small colonies during the breeding season, but typically lives alone or in small groups outside of that period. Although the species is not immediately endangered, it is sensitive to habitat loss, beach pollution, and human disturbance.

Hoopoe

Upupa epops

The Eurasian Hoopoe is a bird with a spectacular plumage, easily recognizable by its colorful crest of feathers that it raises in the shape of a tuft on its head. It measures about 25 to 29 cm in length, with a wingspan of 44 to 48 cm, and weighs between 40 and 70 g. Its plumage is primarily light beige, with black and white stripes on the back and wings, and its beak is long, thin, and slightly curved, ideal for probing the ground in search of insects and other small prey. The Eurasian Hoopoe primarily inhabits open areas, such as grasslands, orchards, forest edges, and cultivated areas across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It mainly feeds on insects, such as ants, termites, and larvae, which it catches by probing the ground. This bird is an excellent flier, capable of flying long distances with powerful wingbeats. Although the species is not endangered, it is vulnerable to habitat loss and the intensification of agriculture.

Icterine warbler

Hippolais icterina

The icterine warbler is a small migratory passerine, 11–13 cm long, with olive-green upperparts and pale yellow underparts, distinguished by a bright yellow supercilium. It inhabits open woodlands and edges, feeding mainly on insects and spiders gleaned from foliage or caught in flight. During breeding, males perform singing display flights and sing from elevated perches to attract females and defend territories.

Melodious warbler

Hippolais polyglotta

The melodious warbler is a small migratory passerine of 11–13 cm with olive-yellow upperparts and pale yellow underparts. It inhabits open woodlands, hedgerows and groves, feeding mainly on insects captured in flight or among foliage. During breeding, males sing from elevated perches to attract females and defend territory.

Bald ibis

Geronticus eremita

The Bald Ibis is a large migratory bird, easily recognizable by its dark plumage and bare head, adorned with a light down. It measures about 65 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.3 to 1.4 meters, and weighs between 1.5 and 2.5 kg. Its plumage is brownish-red, with metallic green and purple hues that appear in the light. The head of the Bald Ibis is almost completely devoid of feathers, except for a small tuft of feathers on the top. It has a long curved beak, adapted for probing the ground in search of small invertebrates, worms, and seeds. The Bald Ibis primarily inhabits wetlands, marshes, and river valleys in the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe. It is primarily herbivorous and insectivorous, feeding on aquatic plants and small animals found in marshy areas. The Bald Ibis is a migratory species, moving in groups during the breeding season and winter. While the species has been severely reduced in its range, conservation efforts have helped maintain small populations in certain areas. However, it remains vulnerable to habitat loss and human disturbance.

Falcinelle Ibis

Plegadis falcinellus

The Glossy Ibis is an elegant bird, easily recognizable by its iridescent brown-green plumage and its long, curved bill shaped like a sickle. It measures about 60 to 70 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.1 to 1.2 meters, and weighs between 350 and 500 g. Its plumage is generally dark, with metallic shades of green and bronze that shine in the light. The Glossy Ibis is also distinguished by its long, slender legs and graceful neck. This bird primarily inhabits wetlands, such as marshes, rivers, and shallow lakes, where it feeds on small aquatic invertebrates, mollusks, insects, and fish. It uses its long, curved bill to probe in the water and mud in search of food. The Glossy Ibis is a migratory species, living in colonies during the breeding season. It is primarily found in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. While the species is not immediately endangered, it is sensitive to habitat loss and water pollution.

Scarlet ibis

Eudocimus ruber

Native to coastal regions of South America and the Caribbean, the scarlet ibis is a bird recognizable by its bright red plumage. It primarily lives in wetlands and mangroves, feeding mainly on small fish, crustaceans, and invertebrates. This migratory bird is often seen in groups, where its bright colors create impressive visual displays. While the scarlet ibis is not threatened, habitat destruction poses a risk to its population.

Sacred ibis

Threskiornis aethiopicus

The Sacred Ibis is a large bird with primarily white plumage, with black feathers on its wings and a bare head. It measures about 65 to 75 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.2 to 1.3 meters, and weighs between 1.5 and 2.5 kg. Its beak is long and curved, adapted for probing the ground in search of small invertebrates, fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. The Sacred Ibis primarily inhabits wetlands, such as marshes, rivers, and lakes, in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as Southeast Asia and Egypt. This bird holds particular significance in ancient Egyptian culture, where it was associated with the deity Thoth, the god of wisdom and writing. The Sacred Ibis is often seen in large colonies and prefers to feed in groups, probing water and mud for food. Although the species is not immediately endangered, it is vulnerable to habitat loss, pollution, and hunting.

Fischer's Lovebird

Agapornis fischeri

The Fischer's Lovebird is a small, colorful parrot native to northern Tanzania. It is easily recognizable by its bright green plumage, orange head, and red beak. Measuring about 14 cm in length, it is often seen in noisy flocks. These birds are known for their social behavior and ability to form strong bonds with their partners. They primarily inhabit savannas, woodlands, and grasslands, where they feed on seeds, fruits, and berries. Nesting usually occurs in tree cavities, and they are known for their ability to use various materials to build their nests.

Wood Stork

Mycteria americana

The Wood Stork, or Mycteria americana, is a large wading bird known for its striking white plumage contrasted by its black head and neck. It has a long, sturdy bill, slightly curved, perfect for catching aquatic prey. This majestic bird primarily inhabits wetlands, such as marshes and mangroves, where it feeds on fish, crustaceans, and insects. The Wood Stork is often seen in groups, making it easier to spot. Although it is relatively tolerant of human presence, it is essential to maintain a respectful distance to avoid disturbing its natural behavior. Its breeding season varies by region but generally coincides with the rainy season, ensuring an abundance of food for the young.

Wattled Jacana

Jacana jacana

The Wattled Jacana, or Jacana jacana, is a striking water bird known for its long legs and elongated toes, allowing it to walk effortlessly on water lilies and other floating plants. Native to the wetlands of South America, this bird features dark brown to black plumage with wings that have greenish sheen and a bright yellow bill topped with a red wattle. Jacanas are known for their polyandrous behavior, where the female mates with multiple males, each responsible for incubating the eggs. They primarily feed on insects and small invertebrates found on the water's surface. Their call is a sharp, piercing cry, often heard at dawn and dusk.

Bohemian Waxwing

Bombycilla garrulus

The Bohemian Waxwing is a small colorful bird, easily recognizable by its characteristic crest and the black edges of its feathers. It measures about 20 cm in length, with a wingspan of 30 to 35 cm, and weighs between 50 and 70 g. Its plumage is primarily light gray with bright yellow and red hues on its wings and tail, and it has red and yellow feathers decorating the tips of its plumage. The Bohemian Waxwing primarily inhabits the dense coniferous and deciduous forests of northern Europe and Asia, as well as North America. It is often found in groups, feeding primarily on berries, especially those from juniper and sea buckthorn trees, but it can also eat insects and seeds. This small passerine is also known for its soft call and social behavior, particularly during migration in groups. Although the species is not endangered, it is sensitive to climate change and the availability of its preferred food, berries.

Kakapo

Strigops habroptilus

The Kakapo is a nocturnal and terrestrial parrot, easily recognizable by its moss-green plumage and large wings, although this bird cannot fly. It measures about 60 cm in length and weighs between 2 and 4 kg, making it the heaviest parrot. Its plumage is mainly green, with yellow and brown hues that help it blend into its natural environment. The Kakapo is found exclusively in New Zealand, where it prefers dense forests and mountainous areas. It is herbivorous and feeds on plants, fruits, seeds, and roots. Due to its inability to fly, it has developed excellent climbing skills and primarily moves by walking. The species has been severely threatened over the centuries by predation from introduced mammals and habitat loss. Today, the Kakapo is an extremely rare and critically endangered bird, with intense conservation efforts focused on protecting the remaining individuals.

Kea

Nestor notabilis

The Kea is a large parrot endemic to New Zealand, easily recognizable by its bright green plumage and reddish-edged feathers on its neck and under its wings. It measures about 48 cm in length and weighs between 800 and 1,200 g. This parrot is one of the most intelligent of its kind, capable of using tools to solve complex problems and adapt to a variety of environments. The Kea is omnivorous and opportunistic, feeding on fruits, roots, seeds, small animals, as well as carcasses of dead animals. It is particularly known for its curious and sometimes destructive behavior, earning it a reputation as a "thief" in some areas. The Kea primarily inhabits the alpine mountains of the South Island of New Zealand, where it resides at high altitudes. While the species is protected, it remains vulnerable to habitat loss and human threats such as trapping and vehicle collisions. The Kea population has declined over the years, but conservation efforts are underway to ensure its survival.

Kiwi

Apteryx

The Kiwi is a bird endemic to New Zealand, famous for its brown, fluffy plumage, small size, and long straight bill. It measures about 40 to 50 cm in height, with a wingspan of 60 to 80 cm, and weighs between 1 and 4 kg depending on the species. The Kiwi is one of the most distinctive birds in the world due to its unique appearance: it has small wings that do not allow it to fly, a long delicate nose, and short legs adapted for its terrestrial life. It primarily inhabits the forests, woods, and grasslands of New Zealand, where it feeds on earthworms, insects, fruits, and roots. The Kiwi is a nocturnal bird, feeding primarily at night and being particularly vulnerable to introduced predators such as rats, mustelids, and dogs. It is also threatened by the loss of its natural habitat, and several species of Kiwi are critically endangered. Active conservation, such as nest protection and predator elimination, is essential to ensure the survival of these iconic birds.

Southern Brown Kiwi

Apteryx australis

The Southern Brown Kiwi, or Apteryx australis, is a flightless bird endemic to New Zealand, known for its shaggy brown plumage. This medium-sized kiwi measures about 50 cm in length and weighs between 2 and 3.5 kg. It has a long, slender bill adapted for probing the ground for worms and insects. Nocturnal by nature, it is rarely seen during the day. Its natural habitat includes dense forests and scrublands. The Southern Brown Kiwi is monogamous, forming long-lasting pairs. The female typically lays one or two eggs per season, which the male incubates. Although protected, it is threatened by predation and habitat loss.

Parasitic jaeger

Stercorarius parasiticus

The Parasitic Jaeger, or Stercorarius parasiticus, is a medium-sized seabird, easily recognizable by its pointed wings and dark plumage. It measures about 45 to 50 cm in length, with a wingspan of 110 to 125 cm, and weighs between 300 and 450 g. Its plumage is typically dark brown or gray on the back, with a lighter belly. Adults have a distinctive feature: a forked tail with extended feathers, especially in males. The Parasitic Jaeger is a migratory bird that primarily inhabits the Arctic and subarctic regions but moves to more temperate zones during the winter. This bird is particularly known for its parasitic behavior, in which it chases other seabirds to force them to drop their catch, allowing the Jaeger to steal their food. The Parasitic Jaeger is also an excellent flyer, capable of traveling long distances. While the species is not endangered, it is sensitive to human disturbances and climate changes that affect its coastal habitat.

Rock Ptarmigan

Lagopus muta

The Rock Ptarmigan is a mountain bird adapted to the harsh conditions of high peaks. It measures about 35 to 40 cm in length and weighs between 350 and 650 g. In winter, its plumage is entirely white, allowing it to blend into the snow, while in summer, it has a brown-red plumage with dark spots to better blend into the rocks and grasses of the mountains. The Rock Ptarmigan primarily inhabits mountainous regions of Europe, Asia, and North America at high altitudes, where it feeds on plants, seeds, berries, and young shoots. Due to its thick plumage and feather-covered legs, it is well adapted to cold conditions but is also vulnerable to climate change, particularly to the loss of its mountainous habitat. The species is protected in some areas but remains sensitive to human disturbances, such as mountain tourism and temperature changes.

Willow ptarmigan

Lagopus lagopus

The Willow Ptarmigan is a mountain bird, smaller than its cousin the Rock Ptarmigan, found in cold regions and forested areas of northern Europe and Asia. It measures about 30 to 35 cm in length and weighs between 250 and 400 g. Its plumage changes with the seasons: in winter, it is entirely white, allowing it to blend into the snow, while in summer, it has a brown-red spotted plumage, perfect for blending into the moors and shrubs. The Willow Ptarmigan primarily inhabits taiga and tundra regions, where it feeds on leaves, berries, and young shoots. It is often seen on the ground or in bushes, searching for food. While the species is not immediately threatened, it is vulnerable to disturbances from deforestation and climate change, which affect mountain ecosystems.

Scottish ptarmigan

Lagopus lagopus scotica

The Scottish Ptarmigan, or Lagopus lagopus scotica, is a subspecies of the Willow Ptarmigan, specifically found in the mountains of Scotland. It measures about 30 to 35 cm in length and weighs between 300 and 450 g. Its plumage changes with the seasons: in winter, it is entirely white, allowing it to blend perfectly into the snow, while in summer, it has a brown-red spotted plumage that makes it blend into the Scottish moorlands. The Scottish Ptarmigan inhabits the highlands, particularly in the northern mountains of Scotland, where it primarily feeds on plants, berries, seeds, and young shoots. Although it is a bird difficult to spot due to its excellent camouflage, it remains vulnerable to climate change and the loss of its natural habitat. The Scottish Ptarmigan is also threatened by predation from foxes and mustelids and by human activities, including tourism and land management.

Common grasshopper warbler

Locustella naevia

The common grasshopper warbler is a small passerine about 13 cm long with streaked brown upperparts and long undertail coverts. Secretive in dense grassy vegetation and low scrub at water margins, it feeds on insects gleaned from foliage. During breeding, the male sings from a low branch or elevated grass stem to defend its territory and court the female.

Himalayan Monal

Lophophorus impejanus

The Himalayan Monal, or Lophophorus impejanus, is a striking bird native to the mountainous regions of the Himalayas. Known for its iridescent plumage, the male displays a dazzling array of metallic blues, greens, and purples, while the female is more subdued with mottled brown feathers for camouflage. These birds inhabit coniferous forests and alpine meadows, feeding on roots, tubers, and insects. Although capable of flight, they prefer to walk or run on the ground. Their call is a sharp, resonant cry that echoes through the mountain valleys.

Eurasian Golden Oriole

Oriolus oriolus

The European Golden Oriole is a brightly colored bird, easily recognizable by its striking plumage. The male is particularly vivid yellow with black wings, while the female has a more subdued plumage, mainly olive green and yellow. It measures about 25 cm in length and weighs between 40 and 60 g. This migratory passerine bird primarily inhabits open forests, orchards, and hedgerows, mostly in Europe, and migrates to North Africa for the winter. The European Golden Oriole is known for its melodious and powerful song, consisting of clear and repetitive notes. Its diet is primarily insectivorous, feeding on caterpillars, wasps, and other insects, but it also consumes fruits such as berries. This bird is discreet and hard to observe as it spends most of its time high up in trees. While its population is stable in some regions, it is threatened by deforestation, the loss of its natural habitat, and the reduction of its food sources due to pesticide use.

Atlantic Puffin

Fratercula arctica

The Atlantic Puffin is a seabird characteristic of the coasts of the North Atlantic, particularly around the British Isles, Greenland, Iceland, and parts of Canada. It measures about 30 cm in length, with a wingspan of 50 to 60 cm, and weighs between 300 and 500 g. It is distinguished by its black and white plumage and its colorful beak, which is bright orange with red and blue bands during the breeding season. Outside of the breeding period, the Atlantic Puffin loses its bright colors and its beak becomes paler. This bird is an excellent diver, primarily feeding on fish and crustaceans, which it catches by diving underwater with great agility. The Atlantic Puffin is also known for its social behavior, gathering in large colonies during breeding on cliffs or remote islands. Although it is widely distributed, the Atlantic Puffin is sensitive to human disturbances, such as disruptions caused by tourism, and ocean pollution, particularly oil spills.

Southern rockhopper penguin

Eudyptes chrysocome

Small penguin 45–60 cm long, 2–4.3 kg, with contrasting black-and-white plumage and distinctive yellow crest tufts on each side of the head. Occurs on subantarctic islands, feeds mainly on crustaceans, fish and krill, diving to 100 m, and breeds in large colonies on rocky shores.

Little blue penguin

Eudyptula minor

The Little Blue Penguin, also known as the Fairy Penguin, is the smallest of the penguin species, measuring about 30 to 40 cm in height and weighing between 1 and 1.5 kg. It has a distinctive blue-gray plumage on its back and wings, with a white belly. Its beak is short and dark, and its feet are pink or gray. The Little Blue Penguin primarily lives along the coasts of New Zealand and Australia, inhabiting colonies on beaches, islands, and cliffs. Unlike other penguins, the Little Blue Penguin is capable of swimming at impressive speeds, allowing it to hunt fish, crustaceans, and squid underwater. Although it is an excellent swimmer, it also spends time on land, where it digs burrows or hides in shrubs to protect itself from predators. While its population remains relatively stable, it faces threats such as climate change, predation by introduced animals, and habitat disruption.

Humboldt penguin

Spheniscus humboldti

The Humboldt penguin is a medium-sized penguin (56–70 cm, 2.9–6 kg) with dark grey upperparts, a white belly, and a black head bordered by a white band around the eye. It is endemic to the Pacific coast of South America (Peru and Chile), nesting in guano burrows, rocky crevices, and coastal caves. Social, it forms small colonies on islands and coastal cliffs.

Magellanic Penguin

Spheniscus magellanicus

The Magellanic Penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus, is a species of penguin found primarily along the coasts of South America, particularly in Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands. This medium-sized penguin stands about 70 cm tall and weighs between 3 and 6 kg. It is easily recognizable by its black and white plumage, with two distinctive black bands around its neck and chest. Magellanic Penguins are marine birds that primarily feed on fish and crustaceans. They are known for their long annual migrations, sometimes traveling thousands of kilometers to find breeding and feeding grounds. Although they are socially tolerant, they can be aggressive when defending their nests.

African penguin

Spheniscus demersus

The African penguin, also known as the Jackass penguin, is a species of penguin found along the southwestern coast of Africa, primarily in South Africa and Namibia. It is easily recognizable by its black-and-white plumage and the large pink band around its eyes. This penguin is an excellent swimmer, feeding mainly on fish and crustaceans. While it is an iconic species of the region, it is endangered due to habitat loss, pollution, and overfishing.

Emperor penguin

Aptenodytes forsteri

The emperor penguin is the largest penguin species, standing 1.1–1.3 m tall and weighing 22–45 kg, with striking black-and-white plumage, a pale yellow breast and orange patches at the bill’s base. Endemic to Antarctica, it breeds on sea ice during the austral winter, forming vast colonies to shelter from cold and marine predators. Following courtship displays in April–May, the female lays a single egg which she transfers to the male for incubation before returning to sea to feed.

King penguin

Aptenodytes patagonicus

The King penguin is the second largest species of penguin, after the emperor penguin. It primarily lives on subantarctic islands and the coasts of Antarctica. This penguin is easily recognizable by its distinctive black and white plumage and its bright orange coloring on the sides of the head and neck. It primarily feeds on fish, krill, and squid, which it captures by diving into the water. The King penguin is a social species, living in dense colonies, and is known for its spectacular courtship displays.

Lesser Adjutant

Leptoptilos javanicus

The lesser adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus) is a large stork standing 110–120 cm tall with a 210 cm wingspan, exhibiting black upperparts and wings contrasted by a white belly and tail-underparts, and a bare pale gray head and neck. It inhabits coastal and inland wetlands of Southeast Asia, including mangroves, estuaries, flooded rice fields, and riparian forests. Feeding on amphibians, large invertebrates, and carrion, it forages by wading and probing with its long bill. Colonial breeder, it performs bill-clattering and neck-arching displays during nesting (February 1–May 31). Pairs lay 2–4 eggs, incubated 28–30 days, with chicks hatching March 1–June 30.

Marabou stork

Leptoptilos crumenifer

The African marabou is a large wading bird native to sub-Saharan Africa, easily recognized by its bare head, long neck, and mostly white plumage with black shades. It primarily lives in open areas near bodies of water, where it feeds on fish, dead animals, and waste. While it is not threatened, it is often associated with urban environments and can be seen in dumps. It is a solitary bird with a rather slow and discreet approach.

White-headed kingfisher

Halcyon leucocephala

The Grey-headed Kingfisher is a medium-sized bird, easily recognized by its grey head and colorful plumage. It measures about 25 cm in length and weighs between 50 and 70 g. Its back is typically metallic blue, with a contrasting white belly, and its wings are bright blue with touches of green and orange. This kingfisher is distinguished by its wide, straight bill, suited for hunting. It primarily lives in wooded areas and along the shores of rivers and lakes, where it feeds mainly on fish, aquatic insects, and small amphibians. The Grey-headed Kingfisher hunts by diving from a perch or electrical wire, capturing its prey with great precision. These birds are solitary, although some form pairs during the breeding season. It is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, particularly in India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. While its population remains relatively stable, the Grey-headed Kingfisher can be threatened by habitat destruction, water pollution, and poaching.

Smyrna kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis

The Smyrna Kingfisher is a colorful, medium-sized bird found primarily in Southeast Asia and surrounding regions. It measures about 25 to 30 cm in length and weighs between 40 and 70 g. This kingfisher is distinguished by its brilliant plumage and vibrant colors: a metallic blue back, an orange-red head, and a white belly. Its bill is long, straight, and pointed, perfect for catching prey such as fish, aquatic insects, and small reptiles. The Smyrna Kingfisher typically lives near bodies of water like rivers, lakes, and marshes, where it can dive to catch its food. It is often observed alone or in pairs during the breeding season when it builds a nest in tree cavities or rocks. Although its population remains relatively stable in some areas, it faces threats such as habitat destruction and water pollution.

European Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

The European Kingfisher is a small aquatic bird, easily recognized by its vivid plumage and bright colors. It measures about 17 to 19 cm in length and weighs between 30 and 40 g. Its back is a brilliant metallic blue, while its belly is a bright orange. Its bill is long, straight, and pointed, perfectly suited for catching fish and aquatic insects. This kingfisher primarily lives along rivers, lakes, and canals in Europe, where it perches on branches or rocks near the water. When hunting, it dives quickly in a headfirst plunge to capture its prey, often using its excellent vision to locate fish underwater. The European Kingfisher is a solitary bird, defending its territory by emitting a sharp call. While it is relatively common in many parts of Europe, it can be threatened by water pollution and habitat destruction.

Belted kingfisher

Megaceryle alcyon

The Belted Kingfisher is a medium-sized aquatic bird, easily recognized by its bright plumage and vivid colors. It measures about 28 cm in length and weighs between 100 and 150 g. Its back is a brilliant metallic blue, while its belly is white with orange patches on the chest. It has a long, straight, pointed bill, suited for catching fish and other aquatic prey. The Belted Kingfisher is an excellent diver, often perching on branches or electrical wires above the water before diving at high speed to catch its prey. It primarily lives in rivers, lakes, marshes, and coastal areas of North America, from southern Canada to Mexico. These birds are solitary and defend their territory by emitting sharp calls. While its population remains relatively stable, it is threatened by habitat loss due to water pollution and wetland destruction.

Giant kingfisher

Megaceryle maxima

The Giant Kingfisher is the largest of the kingfisher species, measuring between 40 and 45 cm in length and weighing between 200 and 300 g. It has a distinctive plumage, with a metallic blue back, a gray head, and a white belly. Its bill is particularly long and powerful, suited for capturing large aquatic prey, such as fish, reptiles, and even crustaceans. This kingfisher primarily inhabits the banks of rivers and lakes in sub-Saharan Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and southern China, where it often hunts from branches or rocks above the water. Although it is primarily solitary in its hunting activities, it can sometimes be seen in pairs or families during the breeding season. The Giant Kingfisher is an excellent diver but is also known for its ability to catch prey while flying over the water and striking with its bill at great speed. While the species is widely distributed, it faces threats related to habitat loss and water pollution.

Blue-breasted kingfisher

Corythornis cristatus

The Collared Kingfisher is a small colorful bird, measuring about 15 to 18 cm in length, and weighing between 20 and 30 g. It is distinguished by its head adorned with a characteristic crest made of bright blue feathers, and its brilliant plumage which combines shades of metallic blue and bright orange. Its back is cobalt blue and its belly is orange, with a striking contrast between the two. This kingfisher primarily inhabits wetlands in sub-Saharan Africa, often near rivers, marshes, and lakes, where it primarily hunts fish and aquatic insects. It is often seen diving from a perch to catch its prey, using its pointed and powerful bill to grab it with great precision. While it is generally a solitary bird, it can sometimes be seen in pairs during the breeding season. Although the population of the Collared Kingfisher is relatively stable, it faces threats such as habitat loss and water pollution.

Pied kingfisher

Ceryle rudis

The Pied Kingfisher is a medium-sized aquatic bird, measuring about 25 cm in length and weighing between 80 and 120 g. It is easily recognized by its distinctive black and white plumage, with a black head, white back, and wings that are also black and white. Its belly is generally white, and it has a long, straight, pointed bill, perfectly suited for catching fish and aquatic insects. This kingfisher primarily inhabits coastal areas, rivers, lakes, and marshes in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and southern Asia. It primarily feeds on small fish, but can also catch insects, crustaceans, and small frogs. The Pied Kingfisher is an excellent diver, often seen diving into the water at high speed from a perch to catch its prey. While often observed alone or in small groups, it can sometimes be seen in pairs during the breeding season. While it is widely distributed, it can be threatened by water pollution and habitat loss.

Purple kingfisher

Ceyx erithaca

The Purple Kingfisher is a small aquatic bird distinguished by its vibrant plumage and bright colors. It measures about 16 to 17 cm in length and weighs between 30 and 40 g. Its plumage is an intense blue with purple hues and bright orange tones on the belly. This kingfisher has a long, straight, pointed bill, perfectly suited for catching fish and aquatic insects. It primarily inhabits the humid regions and tropical forests of Southeast Asia, especially in areas along rivers and marshes. The Purple Kingfisher often hunts by perching on branches or rocks near the water, diving quickly to catch its prey. While generally solitary, it sometimes forms pairs during the breeding season. Although the species is relatively widespread, it faces threats such as deforestation and pollution of waterways.

Green kingfisher

Chloroceryle americana

The Green Kingfisher is a small, vibrant aquatic bird, measuring about 25 cm in length and weighing between 50 and 100 g. It is distinguished by its bright green plumage on its back, with a white chest and belly, sometimes tinged with orange. Its bill is long, pointed, and straight, ideal for catching fish and aquatic insects. This kingfisher primarily inhabits North and Central America, especially along rivers, lakes, and marshes. It hunts by diving directly into the water from an elevated perch, such as a tree or electrical wire, to capture its prey. The Green Kingfisher is a territorial bird, often observed alone or in small groups during the breeding season. While it is widely distributed, it faces threats such as water pollution, habitat loss, and human disturbance.

Alpine Swift

Tachymarptis melba

The Alpine Swift is a large swift measuring between 20 and 23 cm in length, with a wingspan of 51 to 58 cm. It has a white belly and throat, separated by a brown pectoral band, and a brown-gray back. It is often confused with the Common Swift, but it is larger and more robust. A migratory species, it winters in tropical Africa and returns to Europe between March and April. It primarily nests in inaccessible rock cavities but can also occupy urban sites. It feeds exclusively on insects captured in flight, often at high altitudes. It is monogamous, and pair bonds can last over ten years. In Switzerland, it is present from late March to late October. A protected species, it is considered potentially threatened due to the loss of its natural nesting sites.

Pale swift

Apus pallidus

The Pale Swift is a migratory bird species that is mainly found in southern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. This small bird is easily recognizable by its grayish color and sleek body, perfectly adapted for speed and maneuverability in flight. It spends most of its life in flight, only landing to breed. It feeds primarily on insects that it catches while flying, often at high speed. The Pale Swift is an open-sky bird, frequently seen at high altitudes near mountains or soaring over urban areas in search of food.

Chimney Swift

Chaetura pelagica

The Chimney Swift, Chaetura pelagica, is a small migratory bird known for its rapid and agile flight. It is often seen in urban areas, nesting in chimneys and similar structures. Its plumage is primarily dark brown, making it difficult to spot when flying high in the sky. These birds are insectivores, feeding mainly on small flying insects caught in mid-air. Their high-pitched call is often heard before they are seen. Chimney Swifts are social birds, frequently observed in large groups, especially during migration. They play a crucial role in controlling insect populations, thus contributing to ecological balance.

Little Auk

Alle alle

The Little Auk is the smallest of the Atlantic alcids, measuring about 19 to 21 cm in length with a wingspan of 34 to 38 cm. Its plumage is black on the back and head, with a white face and belly. It has a short, stout bill adapted for catching small marine prey. A gregarious species, it forms massive breeding colonies on Arctic rocky coasts, nesting in crevices or under boulders. Outside the breeding season, it lives in the open sea, often near pack ice. It feeds mainly on copepods, krill, and small fish, which it captures by diving. Although currently listed as Least Concern, climate change and ocean pollution pose potential threats to its habitats.

Ring ouzel

Turdus torquatus

The ring ouzel is a passerine bird found primarily in the mountains and coniferous forests of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is easily recognized by its dark plumage, white chest that contrasts with its black belly, and the white ring around its neck. This small bird primarily feeds on berries, insects, and small fruits, which it finds mainly in bushes and forest floors.

European blackbird

Turdus merula

The European blackbird is a very common passerine bird found throughout Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa. It is easily recognized by its glossy black plumage and bright yellow beak. This passerine primarily feeds on earthworms, insects, and fruit. Although it is often seen in gardens and urban parks, it remains a relatively discreet bird. It is also highly regarded for its melodious song, especially in spring.

Long-tailed tit

Aegithalos caudatus

The long-tailed tit is a small passerine bird distinguished by its very long tail, nearly as long as its body. It is primarily found in mixed forests, hedgerows, and wooded parks across Europe and Asia. This small bird is often seen in groups, moving quickly from tree to tree in search of insects and spiders, which it catches with agility. Its tail helps it maintain perfect balance when perched and allows it to navigate through branches to forage.

Blue tit

Cyanistes caeruleus

The blue tit is a small, colorful bird easily recognizable by its blue head, olive back, and bright yellow breast. It is found primarily in forests, gardens, and parks across Europe and Asia. The blue tit is a curious and active bird, often seen foraging for seeds, berries, and insects. It is also capable of using ingenious techniques to access food, making it a fascinating subject for photographers.

Boreal chickadee

Poecile montanus

The boreal chickadee is a small passerine, 11–13 cm long, with olive-gray and brown plumage, featuring a dark brown cap, black bib, and white cheeks. It inhabits coniferous and mixed forests across the northern hemisphere, feeding on insects, seeds, and berries gleaned while clinging to branches. During the breeding season, pairs excavate or occupy tree cavities to nest, and the male feeds the female at the nest.

Great tit

Parus major

The great tit is a small, very common tit found across Europe and Western Asia. It is easily recognizable by its bright yellow plumage, black head, and white cheeks. This passerine bird is commonly seen in gardens, parks, and forests, where it feeds primarily on insects, seeds, and berries. The great tit is known for its curious nature and its ability to adapt to different habitats. It is also an excellent climber, often seen foraging in trees and shrubs.

Coal tit

Periparus ater

The coal tit is a small passerine, 10–12 cm long, with slate-grey plumage, a black cap, white bib, and subtly streaked flanks. It frequents coniferous and mixed woodlands across Europe, often at edges or low in the canopy, where it forages on branches and trunks for insects and spiders. Solitary or in small family groups, it may join communal roosts in winter. During the breeding season, pairs defend their nest site together, placing the nest in a tree cavity or an old tit nest.

Marsh tit

Poecile palustris

The marsh tit is a small passerine bird found primarily in broadleaf forests, thickets, and wetland areas across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its light brown plumage, black crown, and white belly. This small bird primarily feeds on insects, seeds, and berries, which it finds in the foliage and underbrush. The marsh tit is also known for its curious behavior and soft song.

White-cheeked hornbill

Tockus alboterminatus

The Sagittarius Hornbill, or Tockus alboterminatus, is a medium-sized bird primarily found in the savannas and open forests of Central and East Africa, notably in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. It measures about 45 to 50 cm in length and weighs between 100 and 150 g. This bird is distinguished by its predominantly light gray and white plumage, with touches of black on the wings and tail, as well as a long, curved beak, characteristic of hornbills and messengers. Its name "sagittarius" comes from its beak, which resembles an arrow. The Sagittarius Hornbill primarily feeds on fruits, seeds, small insects, and small vertebrates. It is also known for its social behaviors and can be observed in small groups or pairs, and while less noisy than other hornbills, it emits distinct communication calls. The species is not currently endangered but may be affected by deforestation and loss of its natural habitat.

Black Kite

Milvus migrans

The Black Kite is a large bird of prey, measuring about 55 to 60 cm in length, with a wingspan of 150 to 160 cm and weighing between 800 g and 1.5 kg. It is distinguished by its predominantly black plumage with gray and brown shades, and a lighter head, often silvery-gray. This raptor has long, pointed wings, ideal for soaring and maneuvering in the air. The Black Kite is primarily found in Europe, but its range also extends to North Africa and the Middle East. It primarily inhabits open areas such as countryside, sparse forests, and riverbanks, where it feeds on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and also carrion. The Black Kite is an excellent glider, using thermal currents to stay aloft with minimal effort. This bird is also known for its social behavior and can be seen in groups, especially during migration. Although it is not in immediate danger, it faces threats such as habitat loss, poisoning, and collisions with power lines.

Red Kite

Milvus milvus

The Red Kite is a large bird of prey, measuring about 60 to 70 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.5 to 1.8 meters. It typically weighs between 1.2 and 1.5 kg. This raptor is distinguished by its reddish-brown plumage on the back and wings, with a lighter head and a deeply forked tail, giving it a characteristic silhouette in flight. The Red Kite primarily inhabits open forests, agricultural areas, and meadows, where it hunts small mammals, birds, insects, and carrion. It is an excellent glider and uses thermal currents to stay aloft effortlessly, allowing it to spot prey from a distance. The Red Kite is also a social bird, often seen in groups during the migration period, although it is generally solitary outside this time. While its population remains relatively stable, it faces threats such as habitat loss, pollution, and collisions with power lines.

House sparrow

Passer domesticus

The house sparrow is a very common small bird, found primarily in urban environments, gardens, fields, and parks. It is easily recognized by its brown plumage, grey head, and black markings on its back and chest. This passerine bird is omnivorous, feeding on seeds, insects, and food scraps. Although highly social and often seen in large numbers, the house sparrow is in decline in some regions due to habitat loss and climate change.

Keel-billed motmot

Motmot houtouc

The Houtouc Motmot is a colorful and fascinating bird, primarily found in the tropical forests of Central and South America, notably in Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia. It measures about 40 cm in length and is easily recognized by its vibrant plumage, often dominated by shades of blue, green, and orange. What particularly distinguishes this bird are its tail feathers, which are long and feature a characteristic fan at the tips. The Houtouc Motmot is a small predator, feeding primarily on insects, small reptiles, and sometimes fruits. It is often seen perched on low branches, where it watches its surroundings in search of prey before diving quickly to catch it. Although often solitary or in small families, it emits a piercing call to signal its presence. The species is not currently endangered, but it is sometimes threatened by deforestation and the loss of its natural habitat.

Rufous Motmot

Momotus momota

The Rufous Motmot is a medium-sized tropical bird, measuring between 38 and 43 cm in length. It is identifiable by its bright blue crown bordered by a black band, green back, and rufous chest. Its long tail ends with two racket-shaped feathers, characteristic of the genus. Found in the humid forests of Central and South America, it frequents forest edges and open woodlands. Omnivorous, it feeds on insects, small vertebrates, and fruits. It nests in tunnels dug into banks or slopes, where the female typically lays 3 to 4 white eggs. Although currently listed as Least Concern, deforestation poses a threat to its natural habitats.

Black-headed gull

Larus ridibundus

The black-headed gull is a small gull easily recognized by its black head (in summer), white plumage, and light gray wings. It is primarily found in Europe and Asia and is often seen near bodies of water, in harbors, and estuaries. It is omnivorous, feeding on small fish, insects, and sometimes human scraps. This gull is also known for its aerial acrobatics, often seen flying and diving into the water to catch its food.

Black-legged kittiwake

Rissa tridactyla

The Black-legged Kittiwake is a medium-sized gull, measuring about 40 to 45 cm in length, with a wingspan of 90 to 110 cm. It is easily recognizable by its white plumage with light gray wings and a black head during the breeding season. What particularly distinguishes this gull is the shape of its tail, which is deeply forked, hence its name "tridactyla." It primarily inhabits coastal regions of the North Atlantic, notably in rocky areas, cliffs, and subarctic islands. The Black-legged Kittiwake feeds mainly on fish, crustaceans, and marine insects. It is often seen flying over the water in search of food or resting on rocks. Although the population of this species is stable, it may be threatened by human disturbances, particularly the disruption of breeding colonies and marine pollution.

Red-crested Pochard

Netta rufina

The Red-crested Pochard is a medium-sized diving duck, measuring between 53 and 58 cm in length with a wingspan of 84 to 88 cm. The male is notable for its rounded, bright reddish-orange head, vivid red bill, black chest, and white flanks. The female is more subdued, with brown plumage, pale cheeks, and a dark bill. This species inhabits eutrophic lakes and ponds rich in aquatic vegetation, often bordered by reed beds. It primarily feeds on aquatic plants like pondweeds and charophytes, but also consumes aquatic invertebrates, including mollusks and insects. Migratory, the Red-crested Pochard winters around the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it is sensitive to the degradation of wetlands.

Snowfinch

Montifringilla nivalis

The snowfinch is a small mountain passerine measuring 14–16 cm, with grey-brown plumage, a distinctive black crown and a contrasting white rump. It inhabits high-altitude environments such as alpine meadows, scree slopes and mountain roadsides, feeding mainly on insects and seeds. During the breeding season, the male performs song flights and aerial displays over its territory to attract the female, and pairs build a nest in rock cavities or under stones.

Eurasian Stone-curlew

Burhinus oedicnemus

The Stone-curlew is a large, ground-dwelling bird primarily found in open and arid regions of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. It measures about 40 to 45 cm in height and weighs between 350 and 500 g. What distinguishes the Stone-curlew is its cryptic plumage, generally brown-gray in color, allowing it to blend effectively among vegetation or rocks. It has large yellow eyes and a distinctive call, which is often heard during the night, hence its name. This bird primarily feeds on insects, worms, and small invertebrates found on the ground. The Stone-curlew is mostly active at dusk and at night, feeding slowly while scanning its surroundings. While not in immediate danger, it faces threats from habitat loss, intensive agriculture, and human disturbance.

Bar-headed Goose

Anser indicus

The Bar-headed Goose, Anser indicus, is a remarkable bird species known for its ability to fly at high altitudes. It is easily recognizable by its white head adorned with two distinct black bars. These migratory birds travel long distances, crossing the Himalayas to reach their breeding grounds in Central Asia. They often gather in large flocks and are known for their V-formation flight. Their plumage is primarily gray with lighter shades on the belly. They mainly feed on aquatic plants, seeds, and small invertebrates. Their adaptation to various environments, from plains to mountains, demonstrates their resilience and adaptability.

Greylag goose

Anser anser

The greylag goose (Anser anser) is a large migratory waterfowl (75–90 cm in length, 130–160 cm wingspan), distinguished by its smoky-grey plumage, orange bill and pink legs. Found across freshwater wetlands, floodplain meadows and lakes of Europe and Asia, it feeds on grasses, aquatic seeds and mollusks. Highly social, it forms large flocks during migration and wintering. Breeding begins in late February when monogamous pairs perform head-bobbing displays and honking calls. The female lays 5–7 eggs in a ground nest lined with vegetation near water, which incubate for 26–28 days. Precocial goslings leave the nest soon after hatching, grazing and seeking cover alongside parents. In flight, geese famously adopt V formations to conserve energy on long-distance migrations.

Japanese White-eye

Zosterops japonicus

The Japanese White-eye, scientifically known as Zosterops japonicus, is a small passerine bird with olive-green plumage and a distinctive white eye-ring. Native to East Asia, it is commonly found in gardens, forests, and urban areas. This bird is highly social and often moves in flocks. It primarily feeds on nectar, fruits, and insects. Its adaptability to various environments makes it a resilient species. Although mainly resident, some individuals migrate seasonally. Its presence is often marked by its melodious song and high-pitched calls.

Andean Goose

Chloephaga melanoptera

The Andean Goose, or Chloephaga melanoptera, is a striking bird of the Andes, known for its black wings contrasting with its white plumage. It inhabits mountainous regions of South America, mainly in Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. This robust bird is well adapted to high altitudes, often seen near high-altitude lakes and marshes. Andean Geese are monogamous and form lifelong pairs. They primarily feed on aquatic vegetation and grasses. Their behavior is generally not very shy, allowing for easy observation. However, their remote and challenging habitat makes study more complex.

Bearded Reedling

Panurus biarmicus

The Bearded Tit is a small passerine bird primarily found in marshy areas and reed beds of Europe and Asia. It measures about 15 to 20 cm in length and weighs between 15 and 20 g. What particularly distinguishes the Bearded Tit is its plumage in shades of brown and cream, with long black moustaches that give it its name. It is often observed in reed beds and wetlands, where it primarily feeds on seeds, insects, and arthropods. Although it is an excellent climber and stealthy thief, the Bearded Tit is unfortunately threatened by the destruction of its natural habitat and the reduction of reedbed areas. This species is currently listed as "near threatened" by the IUCN.

Indian peafowl

Pavo cristatus

The Peacock is a large bird native to the Indian subcontinent, but it is now found in many parts of the world, often raised for its magnificent feathers. It measures about 2 to 2.5 meters in length, much of which consists of its tail, which can reach up to 1.5 meters in length. The Peacock's feathers are brilliantly colorful, with blue, green, and gold patterns that are displayed during courtship rituals to attract females. Outside of the breeding season, the Peacock is a terrestrial bird, feeding on seeds, fruits, insects, and small reptiles. Although this species is not in immediate danger, it is threatened by habitat loss and hunting in some regions.

Republican parrotfinch

Cicinnurus respublica

The Republican Paradise-flycatcher is a small bird native to the lowland forests of Sulawesi Island in Indonesia. It measures about 20 cm in length, with a long tail that can reach up to 15 cm, and weighs between 25 and 30 g. What distinguishes the Republican Paradise-flycatcher is its bright coloration, with vivid green, blue, and red feathers and a magnificent crest shaped like a veil. The male, in particular, displays extravagant feathers during courtship displays to attract females. This bird primarily feeds on fruits, seeds, and insects. Although the Republican Paradise-flycatcher is not in immediate danger, deforestation and hunting pose potential threats to its natural habitat.

Brown Pelican

Pelecanus occidentalis

The Brown Pelican is a large seabird native to the American coasts, measuring between 100 and 137 cm in length with a wingspan of 200 to 228 cm. It is characterized by its brown-gray plumage, white head with a yellowish crown during the breeding season, and a long bill with an expandable throat pouch capable of holding up to 11 liters of water. This pelican is known for its dramatic fishing technique: diving from several meters high to catch fish, mainly sardines and anchovies. It inhabits coastal areas, estuaries, mangroves, and sandy beaches, nesting in colonies on islands or isolated areas. Although currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, the Brown Pelican experienced significant declines in the 20th century due to pesticide pollution, particularly DDT. Conservation efforts have led to population recoveries, but habitat degradation remains a concern.

Dalmatian pelican

Pelecanus crispus

The Dalmatian Pelican is a large aquatic bird primarily found in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. It measures about 1.5 to 1.8 meters in length, with a wingspan of 2.3 to 2.5 meters, and weighs between 7 and 15 kg. What distinguishes the Dalmatian Pelican is its white plumage, sometimes tinged with yellow or pink, as well as its distinctive crest and long curved bill. It also has a pouch under its bill that allows it to capture fish. The Dalmatian Pelican primarily feeds on fish, which it catches by diving into the water or filtering with its bill. It is typically found near lakes, rivers, and wetlands. While the population of the Dalmatian Pelican is stable in some regions, it is still threatened by habitat loss, water pollution, and human disturbance.

Pink-backed Pelican

Pelecanus rufescens

The Pink-backed Pelican, or Pelecanus rufescens, is a medium-sized waterbird known for its greyish plumage and slightly pinkish back. It has a long bill with a distinctive gular pouch used for catching fish. Its wings are broad and powerful, suited for gliding flight. Found mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, it inhabits lakes, rivers, and marshes. Sociable by nature, it often lives in colonies. Its breeding season varies by region, typically nesting in trees or on islets. Its diet consists mainly of fish, which it often hunts in groups.

Crested Guan

Penelope purpurascens

The Crested Guan is a large forest bird, measuring between 76 and 91 cm in length and weighing up to 2.4 kg. It has dark olive-brown plumage with white spots on the neck and chest, a rufous rump and belly, and a bushy crest on its head. Its throat features a large red wattle, and the skin around the eye is bluish-gray. Social in nature, it lives in pairs or family groups of 6 to 12 individuals, feeding on fruits and young leaves in the trees. It builds its nest in trees, where the female lays two or three white eggs. Although classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN, it is vulnerable to habitat loss and hunting.

Bartavelle Partridge

Alectoris graeca

The Barbary Partridge is a terrestrial bird native to the mountains of North Africa and Western Asia. It measures about 30 cm in height and weighs between 300 and 500 g. Its plumage is characterized by brown and gray tones, with a distinctive "V"-shaped pattern on the chest. The Barbary Partridge primarily inhabits rocky, dry mountain habitats, where it feeds on seeds, roots, berries, and small insects. It is an excellent runner and, although capable of flying, prefers to move by running through the underbrush. This species is threatened in some regions due to excessive hunting and habitat loss, and it is protected in several countries.

Chukar partridge

Alectoris chukar

The chukar partridge is a medium-sized bird (30–35 cm), with grey-brown plumage barred with black and white, featuring a glossy black cap and eye-stripe. Native to arid regions of Asia and introduced in North America, it inhabits rocky slopes, scrublands and fallow fields, feeding on seeds, leaves, and insects. During the breeding season (March 1 to July 31), the male performs formal courtship displays and defends his territory with calls and rapid chases.

Grey Partridge

Perdix perdix

The Grey Partridge is a plump galliform bird, measuring 28–32 cm in length with a wingspan of about 45 cm. It is identified by its mottled brown-grey plumage and a distinctive dark horseshoe-shaped patch on the belly. Males and females are very similar, though the belly patch is usually more defined in males. Found in open farmland, grasslands, fallows, and cultivated fields across Europe and temperate Asia. It is ground-dwelling and sedentary, preferring to run rather than fly when disturbed. Its diet includes seeds, leaves, shoots, and insects, which are vital for chicks. The species is in decline in some areas due to agricultural intensification, habitat loss, and pesticide use.

Red-legged Partridge

Alectoris rufa

The Red-legged Partridge is a medium-sized galliform bird, about 33 cm in length. It features a reddish-brown back, bluish-grey chest, and flanks striped with black and white. Its white throat is bordered by a black horseshoe-shaped collar, and it has red legs and beak. Native to southwestern Europe, it inhabits dry open areas, scrubby hills, farmlands, and fallow fields. Non-migratory and ground-dwelling, it prefers running to flying when disturbed. Its diet mainly consists of seeds, young shoots, and insects, the latter being crucial for chicks. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, the Red-legged Partridge is declining in some areas due to habitat loss, overhunting, and hybridization with introduced farm-reared birds.

Gabon grey parrot

Psittacus erithacus

The Gabon grey parrot is an iconic species known for its exceptional intelligence and ability to mimic human sounds. Native to the tropical forests of Central Africa, primarily from Gabon and the Republic of Congo, this parrot has a grey plumage and a distinctive red head. It is a social bird that primarily feeds on fruits, seeds, and nuts. Unfortunately, the species is threatened by deforestation and illegal wildlife trade.

Senegal parrot

Poicephalus senegalus

The Senegal parrot is a small parrot that lives in the savannas and forests of West Africa, particularly in Senegal, Guinea, and Mali. It is easily recognizable by its bright green plumage, gray head, and red cheeks. This parrot is primarily frugivorous but also feeds on seeds and nuts. It is a social and active companion, living in small groups. While not threatened, it is sometimes captured for the exotic bird trade.

Rose-ringed parakeet

Psittacula krameri

Psittacula krameri, the rose-ringed parakeet, is a parrot 38–40 cm in length with bright green plumage, a distinctive pink neck ring in adult males, and a red–orange bill. Native to South Asia, it occupies parks, orchards, agricultural lands, and urban environments, feeding on seeds, fruits, and flowers. Social and vocal, it nests in tree cavities and may switch mates within the same breeding season.

Little Ringed Plover

Charadrius dubius

The Little Ringed Plover is a small migratory bird primarily found in wetlands, sandy beaches, and riverbanks in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It measures about 18 cm in length and weighs between 30 and 50 g. Its plumage is gray-brown on the back, with white underparts and a distinctive black ring around the neck and eyes. The Little Ringed Plover primarily feeds on small invertebrates, mollusks, and insects found by foraging in sand and along water edges. This bird is an excellent runner and flies very quickly. While its population remains relatively stable, the Little Ringed Plover is threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and human disturbances during its breeding season.

Elf owl

Glaucidium gnoma

The Northern Pygmy Owl is a small nocturnal owl found primarily in North America, from southern Canada to Mexico. It measures about 20 to 25 cm in length, with a wingspan of 50 to 60 cm, and weighs between 70 and 100 g. Its plumage is mainly gray-brown, with spots and streaks that help it blend perfectly into foliage and tree trunks. The Northern Pygmy Owl primarily feeds on small mammals, insects, and reptiles that it hunts during the night. It is an excellent hunter, using its keen eyesight and sharp hearing to locate its prey in the darkness. While this species is not currently threatened, it can be affected by deforestation and the loss of its natural habitat.

Little Owl Scops

Otus scops

The Scops Owl is a small owl native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It measures about 22 cm in length and weighs between 100 and 150 g. Its plumage is primarily gray-brown, with patterns of spots and streaks that help it blend into foliage and tree trunks. It has tufts of feathers on its head, giving it a distinctive appearance. The Scops Owl is a nocturnal bird, primarily feeding on small mammals, insects, and occasionally small birds that it hunts at night. It is often seen perched on tree branches or utility poles. While this species is not in immediate danger, it is sometimes affected by habitat loss and human disturbances.

Phalaropes

Phalaropus lobatus

The Red-necked Phalarope is a small wader bird primarily found in marshes, salt lakes, and estuaries in North America, Europe, and Asia. It measures about 20 cm in length and weighs between 30 and 50 g. What distinguishes it is its brightly colored plumage, with red and gray tones, and its fine, pointed bill, which allows it to capture insects and small crustaceans from the water. The Red-necked Phalarope is an excellent swimmer and spends much of its time spinning on the water to capture its food. While its population is not currently in danger, it is vulnerable to habitat loss, pollution, and human disturbance, especially during the breeding season.

White-backed woodpecker

Dendrocopos leucotos

The white-backed woodpecker is a medium-sized forest woodpecker of 22–25 cm, with black and white plumage featuring a broad white back and red crown in males. It inhabits old deciduous and mixed forests rich in dead wood, feeding on insects and larvae excavated from bark. During breeding, it excavates a nest cavity in an old tree and the male drums to attract the female and defend territory.

Grey-headed Woodpecker

Picus canus

The Grey-headed Woodpecker is a bird belonging to the woodpecker family, primarily found in Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It measures about 25 to 30 cm in length, with a wingspan of 40 to 45 cm, and weighs between 80 and 120 g. Its plumage is mainly gray, with a black and white head, and a red nape in males. It is distinguished by its sharp call and its ability to drill into tree trunks in search of larvae and insects, which are its primary food source. The Grey-headed Woodpecker lives in mixed forests and wooded areas, often nesting in dead or decaying trees. Although it is not considered threatened, the Grey-headed Woodpecker is vulnerable to deforestation and habitat loss.

The Great Spotted Woodpecker

Dendrocopos major

The Great Spotted Woodpecker is an iconic bird of forests in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It measures about 25 to 30 cm in length, with a wingspan of 40 to 45 cm, and weighs between 70 and 100 g. It is easily recognizable by its black and white plumage, with a red head in males and a red patch on the nape in females. The Great Spotted Woodpecker is an excellent climber, using its strong beak to tap on tree trunks in search of insects, primarily insect larvae and ants, which it extracts with its long, sticky tongue. It is often seen hammering wood in search of food or to mark its territory. The Great Spotted Woodpecker is found in a variety of forests, from broadleaf to mixed forests, and although its population remains stable, it is sometimes affected by habitat loss.

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker

Dryobates minor

The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is a small bird from the woodpecker family, primarily found in deciduous and mixed forests of Europe and Asia. It measures about 20 cm in length, with a wingspan of 30 to 35 cm, and weighs between 30 and 40 g. Its plumage is mainly black and white, with a small red patch on the nape, visible mostly in males. The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is distinguished by its smaller size compared to the Great Spotted Woodpecker and its foraging habits. It primarily feeds on small insects found under the bark of trees, using its beak to strike quickly and its long tongue to extract the insects. It is an excellent climber and spends much of its time in trees. Although its population remains stable, this species may be affected by habitat loss due to deforestation.

Middle Spotted Woodpecker

Dendrocopos medius

The Middle Spotted Woodpecker is a medium-sized bird from the woodpecker family, primarily found in deciduous and mixed forests of Europe and Asia. It measures about 23 to 26 cm in length, with a wingspan of 40 to 45 cm, and weighs between 60 and 100 g. Its plumage is primarily black and white, with a red head in males and a red patch on the nape in females. The Middle Spotted Woodpecker is an excellent climber, using its strong beak to dig into tree bark in search of insect larvae, ants, and small arthropods. It generally lives in older, less disturbed forests, but its population can be threatened by deforestation and the loss of its natural habitat.

Black woodpecker

Dryocopus martius

The Black Woodpecker is a large bird from the woodpecker family, primarily found in deciduous and mixed forests of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It measures between 45 and 50 cm in length, with a wingspan of 60 to 70 cm, and weighs between 250 and 300 g. Its plumage is entirely black, except for its ivory-colored bill. In females, a red patch adorns the top of the head, while in males, the red patch extends from the top of the head down to the nape. The Black Woodpecker is an excellent climber and a skilled driller, primarily feeding on insect larvae, arthropods, and sometimes small mammals found under tree bark. It prefers mature, well-established forests, where it creates large holes in search of food. While its population remains relatively stable, the Black Woodpecker is sometimes threatened by deforestation and habitat loss.

Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker

Picoides tridactylus

The Three-toed Woodpecker is a small bird from the woodpecker family, primarily found in coniferous forests of Europe and Asia. It measures about 20 cm in length, with a wingspan of 40 to 45 cm, and weighs between 50 and 70 g. Its plumage is primarily black and white, with a distinctive yellow patch on the top of its head, and white streaks on its wings. What distinguishes the Three-toed Woodpecker is the presence of three toes on each foot, which allows it to climb with great agility. It primarily feeds on insect larvae, which it extracts from the bark of trees using its strong beak. The Three-toed Woodpecker lives in old forests and dense wooded areas, and although it is not currently threatened, it is vulnerable to habitat loss and human disturbance.

Green woodpecker

Picus viridis

The Green Woodpecker is a large bird from the woodpecker family, primarily found in deciduous forests and parks in Europe. It measures about 30 to 35 cm in length, with a wingspan of 45 to 50 cm, and weighs between 200 and 250 g. Its plumage is primarily green, with yellow underparts and a red head in males, while females have a less prominent red patch. The Green Woodpecker is distinguished by its piercing call, which it uses to mark its territory. It primarily feeds on ants and their larvae, which it finds in soft soils and under tree bark, using its beak to pierce the ground and trunks. This bird is an excellent climber and spends much of its time on the ground searching for food. While its population remains relatively stable, the Green Woodpecker can be threatened by habitat loss due to intensive farming and deforestation.

Magpie

Pica pica

The magpie is a very social and intelligent bird found primarily in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is easily recognized by its black and white plumage, long beak, and long, pointed tail. The magpie is omnivorous, feeding on insects, small vertebrates, fruits, seeds, and even human scraps. It is also known for its curious nature and its habit of collecting shiny objects for its nest.

Lesser grey shrike

Lanius minor

The lesser grey shrike is a medium-sized forest raptor (16–18 cm) with bluish-grey upperparts and pale pink underparts, marked by a broad pale wing patch. It inhabits woodland edges, grasslands, open farmland and scattered bushes, feeding mainly on small birds, insects and reptiles.

Rose-colored shrike

Lanius senator

The rose-colored shrike is a small predatory bird found primarily in bushes, hedgerows, and open fields across Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia. It is easily recognized by its light gray plumage, reddish head, and strong, hooked beak. This bird primarily feeds on insects, small birds, and rodents, which it captures by ambush and sometimes impales on branches with its beak. It is also known for its territorial behavior and constant vigilance.

Red-backed Shrike

Lanius collurio

The Red-backed Shrike is a medium-sized bird primarily found in hedgerows, scrubland, and open meadows across Europe and Asia. It measures about 20 to 23 cm in length and weighs between 40 and 50 g. Its plumage is characterized by a silvery-gray head, a brown back, and a whitish breast. It also has a distinctive black stripe running through its eyes. The Red-backed Shrike is an excellent hunter, primarily feeding on small birds, insects, rodents, and sometimes small reptiles. It is known for its "impaling" behavior, where it spikes its prey on thorns or barbed wire to store it. While its population remains stable in some regions, it can be threatened by habitat loss, the destruction of hedgerows, and the intensification of agriculture.

Great grey shrike

Lanius excubitor

The great grey shrike is a small predatory passerine of 22–26 cm with pale grey-brown plumage, a black and white head marked by a broad mask, and pale underparts. It inhabits open habitats with scattered bushes, woodland edges and hedgerows, feeding on insects, small birds and rodents taken from perches.

Rock pigeon

Columba livia

The rock pigeon, or Columba livia, is a familiar bird in urban and rural environments. With typically gray plumage and iridescent neck feathers, it features two distinct black bands on its wings. Often seen in large flocks, it feeds on seeds, crumbs, and other food scraps. Highly adaptable, it thrives in various habitats, from coastal cliffs to bustling city centers. The rock pigeon is renowned for its homing ability, which humans have historically used for message delivery. Its prolific breeding, with multiple broods per year, contributes to its widespread global presence.

Razorbill

Alca torda

Chaffinch

Fringilla coelebs

The chaffinch is a small songbird found primarily in Europe and Western Asia. It is easily recognizable by its colorful plumage, with a brown back, pink breast, and beige belly. This passerine bird feeds on seeds, berries, and insects, and is commonly seen in forests, gardens, and parks. The chaffinch is also known for its melodious song, which varies depending on the region and season.

Helmeted Guineafowl

Numida meleagris

The helmeted guineafowl, Numida meleagris, is a terrestrial bird native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is easily identified by its black plumage speckled with white and its bare head topped with a bony casque. This social bird lives in groups and feeds mainly on seeds, insects, and small invertebrates. Known for its adaptability, it thrives in various habitats, from savannas to open forests. It plays a crucial role in controlling pest insect populations. Although often domesticated for its meat and eggs, it remains suspicious in the wild.

Tree pipit

Anthus trivialis

The tree pipit is a small passerine about 15 cm long with streaked brown upperparts and a pale breast. It inhabits woodland edges, open woodlands and hedgerows, feeding mainly on insects and seeds. During breeding, males sing in flight and from low perches to attract mates and defend territory.

Meadow pipit

Anthus pratensis

The meadow pipit is a small passerine bird found primarily in meadows, cultivated fields, and farmland across Europe and Asia. It is distinguished by its brown streaked plumage on its back and belly, as well as its furtive movement and melodious song. This bird primarily feeds on insects and seeds, which it searches for in tall grasses. During the breeding season, it performs song flights, a characteristic that makes it easy to spot in its habitat.

Tawny pipit

Anthus campestris

The tawny pipit is a small passerine of 16–17 cm with finely streaked sandy plumage and a pale breast. It inhabits open steppe, dry fallow land and garrigue, feeding mainly on insects and seeds picked from the ground. During breeding, males perform singing flights and sing from low perches to attract females and defend their territory.

Red-throated pipit

Anthus spinoletta

The red-throated pipit is a small migratory passerine bird found primarily in meadows, mountains, and Arctic areas across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognizable by its streaked brown plumage, red-orange throat, and furtive movement. This bird primarily feeds on insects and seeds, which it captures by running or foraging in the grass. During the breeding season, it performs song flights, a characteristic that makes it easy to spot in its habitat.

Arctic loon

Gavia arctica

Red-throated loon

Gavia stellata

The Red-throated Diver is a seabird found primarily in the cold waters of the North Atlantic, particularly in Northern Europe and Canada. It measures about 50 to 60 cm in length, with a wingspan of 80 to 100 cm, and weighs between 1.5 and 2 kg. Its plumage is primarily gray and white, with a dark back and a light breast. The Red-throated Diver is an excellent diver, primarily feeding on fish and crustaceans, which it catches by diving underwater. It has well-adapted legs for swimming and spends a significant amount of time foraging for food at sea. While its population remains relatively stable, this species is vulnerable to human disturbances and marine pollution.

Common loon

Gavia immer

The Common Loon is a seabird primarily found in the cold waters of the North Atlantic, particularly in North America and Northern Europe. It measures about 60 to 70 cm in length, with a wingspan of 100 to 120 cm, and weighs between 1.5 and 2.5 kg. Its plumage is mainly black and white, with a dark back, white breast, and black head, giving it a distinctive appearance. The Common Loon is an exceptional diver, primarily feeding on fish and crustaceans, which it catches by diving deeply underwater. It is also known for its long migrations, moving to warmer areas during the winter. Although its population remains relatively stable, this species can be threatened by pollution, human disturbances, and habitat loss.

Ringed Plover

Charadrius alexandrinus

The Ringed Plover is a small coastal bird primarily found along beaches, estuaries, and sandy areas in Europe, North Africa, and Asia. It measures about 18 to 20 cm in length, with a wingspan of 40 to 45 cm, and weighs between 30 and 60 g. Its plumage is generally light beige with white underparts and an interrupted black ring around the neck and chest. This collar is more pronounced in males, while females have a less distinct collar. The Ringed Plover primarily feeds on small marine invertebrates and insects found in the sand or along the shore. It is often seen running along the waves, searching for food. While its population remains relatively stable, this species can be threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and human disturbances at its breeding sites.

Grey Plove

Pluvialis squatarola

The Grey Plover is a coastal bird primarily found along beaches and sandy areas in Europe, North Africa, Asia, and North America. It measures about 25 to 30 cm in length, with a wingspan of 60 to 70 cm, and weighs between 100 and 150 g. Its plumage is mainly silver-gray on the back with a white belly, and its wings are marked with black spots. During the breeding season, the Grey Plover displays brighter colors, with black plumage on the chest and head. It primarily feeds on marine worms, insects, and small crustaceans found in the sand, often near the high tide line. While its population remains relatively stable, this species can be threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and human disturbances at its breeding sites.

Golden Plove

Pluvialis apricaria

The Golden Plover is a migratory bird primarily found in tundra areas, open grasslands, and coastal regions in Europe and Asia, as well as in North America's coastal areas during winter. It measures about 25 to 30 cm in length, with a wingspan of 60 to 70 cm, and weighs between 150 and 250 g. Its plumage is primarily golden and black, with characteristic patterns on the chest and abdomen, and lighter coloring on the underside. During the breeding season, the male displays particularly bright plumage adorned with golden spots. The Golden Plover primarily feeds on small invertebrates, insects, and marine worms, which it finds by probing the ground or walking slowly in search of food. While its population remains stable, it can be threatened by habitat loss and human disturbances, particularly during the breeding period.

Dotterel

Charadrius morinellus

The Eurasian Dotterel is a migratory bird primarily found in tundra areas and alpine meadows of Europe, Central Asia, and northern China. It measures about 25 cm in length, with a wingspan of 55 to 60 cm, and weighs between 100 and 150 g. Its plumage is primarily brown, with lighter underparts and white spots on the wings. It has a brown head with distinctive black patterns around the eyes and on the throat. During the breeding season, males display brighter plumage. The Eurasian Dotterel primarily feeds on small insects, worms, and seeds found on bare soils or in grassy areas. While its population remains relatively stable, this species can be threatened by habitat loss, particularly due to climate change and disturbances at its breeding sites.

Chiffchaff

Phylloscopus collybita

The chiffchaff is a small migratory passerine bird found primarily in clear woods, hedgerows, and gardens across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its greenish plumage and pale belly. This small bird primarily feeds on insects, which it catches by rummaging through vegetation. During the breeding season, it is very active and emits a distinctive song, a series of repetitive notes characteristic of this species.

Wood warbler

Phylloscopus sibilatrix

The wood warbler is a small insectivorous passerine, 11–13 cm long, with greenish-yellow upperparts, whitish underparts and a bright yellow supercilium. A migratory species of open woodlands with sparse undergrowth, it feeds mainly on insects and spiders captured on the wing or among foliage. During breeding, males sing in flight or from perches to defend their territory.

Willow warbler

Phylloscopus trochilus

The willow warbler is a small migratory passerine bird found primarily in forests, hedgerows, and bushes across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognizable by its olive-green back and pale yellow belly. This bird is primarily insectivorous, feeding on insects it catches in the vegetation. It is often heard singing in the undergrowth, especially during migration, where it establishes its territory for breeding.

Sooty Shearwater

Puffinus griseus

The Sooty Shearwater is a medium-sized seabird known for its dark brown plumage and long, slender wings. It is often seen gliding close to the ocean waves, skillfully using air currents to travel great distances. This tireless migrator covers thousands of kilometers between its breeding sites in the southern hemisphere and feeding areas in the northern hemisphere. It nests mainly on remote islands, digging burrows in the ground to lay a single egg. The Sooty Shearwater feeds primarily on fish and squid, diving underwater to catch its prey. Although its population is still large, it is threatened by industrial fishing and climate change.

Bald eagle

Haliaeetus leucocephalus

The Bald Eagle is a large raptor primarily found in North America, near bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, and coastal areas. It measures about 70 to 90 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.8 to 2.3 meters, and weighs between 3 and 6 kg. Its plumage is primarily dark brown with characteristic white head and tail. The Bald Eagle is an excellent hunter, primarily feeding on fish, small mammals, and birds, which it captures by diving or snatching its prey with powerful talons. Although its population once faced a significant decline and was threatened, particularly due to pollution and hunting, the Bald Eagle is now a protected species, and its population has greatly recovered.

Steller's sea eagle

Haliaeetus pelagicus

The Steller's Sea Eagle is a large raptor primarily found along the coasts of Northeast Asia, particularly in Russia and Japan. It measures about 85 to 105 cm in length, with a wingspan of 2.2 to 2.5 meters, and weighs between 4 and 9 kg, making it one of the largest eagles in the world. Its plumage is primarily dark brown with a white head and pale yellow beak. The Steller's Sea Eagle is an excellent fisherman, primarily feeding on fish, but it also hunts seabirds and marine mammals. It prefers coastal areas and islands where it can find its food and is often seen flying over the seas or resting on rocks or trees. While its population remains relatively stable, this species is vulnerable to habitat loss due to human activity, climate change, and ocean pollution.

White-tailed Pyguargue

Haliaeetus albicilla

The White-tailed Eagle is a large raptor primarily found in Eastern Europe, Northern Asia, and some regions of Central Asia. It measures about 70 to 90 cm in length, with a wingspan of 1.8 to 2.3 meters, and weighs between 3 and 6 kg. Its plumage is primarily brown with a distinctive white head and tail. The White-tailed Eagle is an excellent fisherman, primarily feeding on fish, but it also hunts birds, small mammals, and scavenges carrion. It primarily inhabits areas near bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, and estuaries. While its population has been growing in some areas due to conservation efforts, this species remains vulnerable to habitat loss, water pollution, and human disturbances.

Resplendent quetzal

Pharomachrus mocinno

The Resplendent Quetzal is a colorful bird primarily found in the cloud forests of Guatemala and Mexico. It measures about 35 to 40 cm in length, with a wingspan of 50 to 60 cm, and weighs between 200 and 300 g. Its plumage is bright green with a vivid red throat and a long tail composed of elongated feathers. The male is particularly spectacular, with more colorful plumage and a distinctive crest. The Resplendent Quetzal is frugivorous, primarily feeding on fruits, berries, and small insects. It is also an important symbol in Mayan culture, representing freedom and the beauty of nature. Although its population is declining, primarily due to deforestation and poaching, this species remains protected in certain regions.

Resplendent quetzal

Euptilotis neoxenus

The Resplendent Quetzal is a magnificent bird primarily found in the tropical and subtropical forests of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. It measures about 30 to 40 cm in length, with a wingspan of 50 to 60 cm, and weighs between 100 and 150 g. Its plumage is a vibrant green, with a vivid red throat and a long tail composed of elongated and brilliant feathers. The male is particularly spectacular, with even more colorful plumage and a distinctive crest. The Resplendent Quetzal is primarily frugivorous, feeding on fruits, berries, and small insects. This bird is also an important symbol in the indigenous cultures of the region, representing beauty and freedom. While its population remains relatively stable, this species is still vulnerable due to deforestation and habitat loss.

Corn crake

Crex crex

The corn crake is a rail in the family Rallidae, measuring 23–28 cm with cryptically streaked brown plumage and grey legs. It inhabits damp grasslands and tall vegetation, feeding mainly on insects, earthworms and molluscs taken from the ground. During breeding, the male emits a loud, repeated “crek-crek” call both night and day to attract females and defend territory.

Greater rhea

Rhea americana

The greater rhea is a large flightless bird in the family Rheidae, standing 1.4–1.7 m tall and weighing 20–27 kg, with grey plumage and a long neck. It inhabits grasslands, savannas and wet meadows of South America, feeding on plants, seeds, insects and small vertebrates. During the breeding season, males dig shallow nests in the ground and alone incubate the 20–40 eggs laid by multiple females.

Firecrest

Regulus ignicapilla

The firecrest is a small passerine bird found primarily in coniferous and mixed forests across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its bright red crown, white and black stripes on its head, and its small size. This tiny bird primarily feeds on insects, which it forages for among leaves and needles in trees. It is also known for its quick movements and high energy.

Golden-crowned kinglet

Regulus regulus

The golden-crowned kinglet is an incredibly small bird found mainly in dense coniferous forests across Europe and Asia. It is distinguished by its tiny size, olive-green plumage, and the bright yellow patch on its head. This passerine bird is an excellent acrobat, often seen hopping between branches searching for insects and small arachnids. The golden-crowned kinglet is a discreet but highly energetic bird, known for its lively behavior and ability to forage in tight spaces.

Lilac-breasted Roller

Coracias caudatus

The Lilac-breasted Roller, known for its vibrant plumage, is an iconic bird of the African savannas. Its head and chest display lilac hues, while its wings exhibit a mix of bright blue and green. This bird is often seen perched on trees or poles, scanning the ground for insects and small vertebrates. During the breeding season, it performs spectacular aerial displays, diving and rolling in the air. Although primarily sedentary, it may undertake short migrations depending on climatic conditions. The Lilac-breasted Roller plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by controlling insect populations.

uropean Roller

Coracias garrulus

The European Roller is a colorful bird primarily found in open forests, meadows, and agricultural lands across Europe, particularly in Spain, France, Italy, and Turkey. It measures about 30 to 32 cm in length, with a wingspan of 50 to 60 cm, and weighs between 100 and 150 g. Its plumage is especially vibrant, with colors ranging from bright blue to green and brown, and it has a strong, slightly curved beak. The European Roller primarily feeds on flying insects, such as dragonflies, flies, and grasshoppers, which it catches in flight. It is known for its stunning acrobatic flights and its habit of perching on elevated spots, such as tree branches or utility poles. While its

Nightingale

Luscinia megarhynchos

The nightingale is a small passerine bird known for its melodious and powerful song, found primarily in woodlands, thickets, and gardens across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its brown-russet plumage and light belly, as well as its relatively short beak. The nightingale is especially famous for its song, which is particularly vibrant and long, especially during the breeding season. It prefers dense and well-hidden habitats to feed on insects and worms.

Eurasian robin

Erithacus rubecula

The Eurasian robin is a small bird from the Muscicapidae family, easily recognized by its bright red breast. It is widely distributed across Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. This bird is mostly active during the day, feeding mainly on insects, worms, and berries. Although very territorial, it is admired by photographers for its curious nature and active behavior.

Common redstart

Phoenicurus phoenicurus

The common redstart is a small passerine of 12–14 cm with bluish-grey upperparts and bright orange underparts, featuring a white forehead and black facial mask. It inhabits mixed woodlands, edges, parks and gardens, feeding mainly on insects caught on the wing and on the ground. During breeding, males sing from low perches to attract females and defend territories.

Black redstart

Phoenicurus ochruros

The black redstart is a small passerine bird found primarily in urban areas, gardens, rocky habitats, and steep slopes across Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is distinguished by its dark gray plumage, light belly, and orange-red tail. This small bird is especially known for its lively behavior and ability to adapt to human environments. It primarily feeds on insects and berries, which it finds in urban spaces or wooded areas.

Cetti's warbler

Cettia cetti

Cetti's warbler is a small passerine, 11–13 cm long, with dull brown-olive plumage and pink legs. Secretive species of riverside scrub and reedbeds, feeding mainly on insects and spiders. During breeding the male sings loudly from an exposed perch to mark its territory.

Common reed warbler

Acrocephalus scirpaceus

The common reed warbler is a medium-sized warbler, about 13 cm long, with plain brown upperparts and buff underparts. It is secretive in reedbeds, feeding chiefly on insects and spiders gleaned from stems. During breeding, the male sings from a low perch to defend its territory and court the female.

Great reed warbler

Acrocephalus arundinaceus

The great reed warbler is an insectivorous passerine and the largest of the European reed warblers, measuring 18.5–20 cm in length with a 24–27 cm wingspan and weighing 25–38 g. It has unstreaked brown upperparts, buffish-white underparts and a pale supercilium. It inhabits dense reed beds, marshes and waterside vegetation, feeding mainly on insects, spiders and small amphibians.

Eurasian reed warbler

Acrocephalus palustris

The Eurasian reed warbler is a small migratory passerine, 11–13 cm long, with olive-brown plumage and a repetitive, hiss-like song. It inhabits reed beds and freshwater marshes, feeding on insects and larvae. During the breeding season, the male sings from an exposed perch and the pair builds a vase-shaped woven nest within dense reed vegetation.

Garganey

Spatula querquedula

The Garganey is a small dabbling duck measuring between 37 and 41 cm in length with a wingspan of 59 to 67 cm. The breeding male is characterized by a broad white crescent over a reddish-brown head, finely vermiculated gray flanks, and gray-blue scapulars. The female has a cryptic brown-beige plumage with three longitudinal facial stripes. This species inhabits marshes, ponds, and floodplain meadows rich in aquatic vegetation, generally avoiding brackish waters. It feeds mainly on seeds, aquatic plants, mollusks, insects, and small crustaceans. Strictly migratory, it breeds in Europe and western Asia, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, it is locally vulnerable due to the loss of wetland habitats.

European serin

Serinus serinus

The European serin is a small passerine bird found primarily in gardens, orchards, and urban areas across Europe and the Middle East. It is distinguished by its bright yellow plumage, dark wings, and small size. This small bird primarily feeds on seeds, which it finds in trees, bushes, and grasses. It is also known for its high-pitched, melodious song, which it performs during the breeding season.

Pygmy nuthatch

Sitta pygmaea

The pygmy nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea) is a small forest passerine, measuring 9–11 cm in length and weighing 8–12 g, identified by its slate-blue dorsal plumage, brighter blue crown, and contrasting white throat. Endemic to western North America’s ponderosa and Jeffrey pine forests, it forages for insects, seeds, and resin in bark crevices. Highly social, it forms stable family groups year-round and often clings upside-down on trunks and branches. The breeding season runs from 01.04–30.06; it nests in cavities, laying 5–9 eggs incubated for 14–17 days, with hatchlings emerging between 15.04 and 17.07.

Eurasian nuthatch

Sitta europaea

The Eurasian nuthatch is a small woodland bird found primarily in mixed and deciduous forests across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its blue-grey and orange plumage, light belly, and distinctive black mask around its eyes. This bird is particularly known for its ability to climb upside down on tree trunks, allowing it to reach areas inaccessible to other birds. It primarily feeds on insects, seeds, and nuts.

Common Redpoll

Acanthis flammea

The Common Redpoll, Acanthis flammea, is a small finch in the Fringillidae family. It is easily identified by its brown streaked plumage and bright red cap. Males often have a rosy breast, while females are duller. This small bird is well adapted to cold climates and is primarily found in boreal forests and arctic regions. It mainly feeds on seeds but also consumes insects in summer. The Common Redpoll is a gregarious bird, often seen in flocks, especially in winter. It is known for its irregular migrations, influenced by food availability.

Olive-backed Sunbird

Nectarinia jugularis

The Olive-backed Sunbird, or Nectarinia jugularis, is a small, vibrant bird found primarily in Southeast Asia and Australia. Males display a bright yellow throat and olive back, while females are more subdued in color. Known for their slender, curved beaks, these birds primarily feed on nectar but also consume insects to supplement their diet. They are often seen in gardens, tropical forests, and mangroves, playing a crucial role in flower pollination. Their song is a mix of high-pitched, melodious chirps, often heard at dawn.

White Spoonbill

Platalea leucorodia

The Eurasian Spoonbill is a medium-sized bird primarily found in wetlands across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It measures about 80 to 95 cm in length, with a wingspan of 120 to 130 cm, and weighs between 1.5 and 2.5 kg. Its plumage is predominantly white, with a long spoon-shaped bill that allows it to forage in shallow waters, primarily feeding on aquatic invertebrates, small fish, and crustaceans. The Eurasian Spoonbill is often seen in groups, feeding in marshes, rice fields, or estuaries. It is migratory, moving to warmer regions during the winter. While its population remains stable in certain areas, the Eurasian Spoonbill faces threats related to habitat loss, water pollution, and urbanization.

African Spoonbill

Platalea alba

The African Spoonbill, or Platalea alba, is a striking wading bird known for its spoon-shaped bill, which it uses to sift through water for food. It boasts a bright white plumage that contrasts with its reddish legs and bill. This bird is primarily found in the wetlands of sub-Saharan Africa, frequenting marshes, lakes, and rivers. The African Spoonbill is a gregarious bird, often seen in groups, and feeds mainly on small fish, crustaceans, and aquatic insects. Its breeding season varies by region but is generally tied to the rainy season when food resources are plentiful.

Roseate Spoonbill

Platalea ajaja

The Roseate Spoonbill is a large wading bird with striking pink plumage, measuring between 71 and 86 cm in length and a wingspan of 120 to 135 cm. Its long, spatula-shaped bill is used to sweep shallow waters side to side in search of prey. Adults have a greenish bare head, white neck and back, and vivid pink wings with carmine highlights. Juveniles are paler, with a feathered head and lighter pink plumage. This species feeds primarily on small fish, crustaceans, and aquatic insects, captured by filtering mud in wetlands. It inhabits coastal marshes, mangroves, lagoons, and estuaries from the southern United States to South America. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, the Roseate Spoonbill remains vulnerable to habitat degradation, particularly due to pollution and loss of wetlands.

Arctic tern

Sterna paradisaea

The Arctic Tern is a migratory bird species primarily found in coastal regions of the Arctic during the summer, and in tropical and subtropical areas during the winter. It measures about 35 to 40 cm in length, with a wingspan of 80 to 100 cm, and weighs between 90 and 130 g. Its plumage is mostly white with gray tones on the back and wings, and its head is black with a distinctive black band around the eyes. The Arctic Tern is famous for its impressive migrations, traveling thousands of kilometers between its breeding sites in the Arctic and its wintering grounds in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia. It primarily feeds on fish and marine invertebrates, which it catches by diving into the water. While its population remains stable, the Arctic Tern is threatened by habitat loss, human disturbances, and climate change.

Common tern

Sterna hirundo

The common tern is an elegant seabird easily recognized by its white plumage, light gray back, and bright red beak. It is primarily found along the coasts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa, often near estuaries and rivers. This bird is an excellent fisher, diving with precision into the water to catch fish. The common tern is also known for its swift and graceful flights.

Common Shelduck

Tadorna tadorna

The Common Shelduck is a large duck with a distinctive plumage, measuring between 58 and 67 cm in length. It is identified by its glossy greenish-black head, white body with a broad chestnut band, and bright red bill. Males have a prominent knob at the base of the bill, which females lack. This species inhabits estuaries, lagoons, salt marshes, tidal mudflats, and shallow lake shores, often in flocks. It nests in burrows or cavities, sometimes dug into dunes or embankments. The shelduck primarily feeds on aquatic invertebrates such as mollusks, worms, and crustaceans, filtered from the mud. While generally secure, it is vulnerable to coastal wetland destruction.

Purple Swamphen

Porphyrio porphyrio

The Purple Swamphen, or Porphyrio porphyrio, is a striking waterbird known for its vivid blue-purple plumage and bright red bill. It primarily inhabits marshes, lakes, and wetlands with dense vegetation. This bird is recognized for its graceful walk and swimming ability. The Purple Swamphen is omnivorous, feeding on aquatic plants, insects, and small animals. It is often seen walking on water lilies thanks to its long toes. Although generally discreet, it can be noisy, emitting loud and varied calls. Its presence is an indicator of healthy aquatic ecosystems.

Scarlet-thighed dacnis

Chlorophanes spiza

The Bishop Tanager is a small, colorful bird found primarily in the tropical forests and wooded areas of Central and South America, notably in Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela. It typically measures about 18 cm in length and weighs between 20 and 30 g. Its plumage is especially vibrant, with shades of green, yellow, and red, giving it a striking appearance, which is why it is named as such. The Bishop Tanager is frugivorous, primarily feeding on fruits, berries, and seeds, but it can also eat insects. This bird is known for its social behaviors, living in small groups or pairs, and is often observed moving through trees in search of food. While its population remains stable, it is sometimes threatened by deforestation and the loss of its natural habitat.

Whinchat

Saxicola rubetra

The whinchat is a small passerine bird found primarily in meadows, cultivated fields, and open areas across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its brown and beige plumage, orange chest, and white markings on its head. This small bird primarily feeds on insects, which it catches by flying or by perching to observe its surroundings. The whinchat is also known for its territorial behavior and distinctive song.

Eurasian siskin

Carduelis spinus

The Eurasian siskin is a small passerine of 11–12 cm with yellow-green plumage streaked with black and dark wings. It inhabits coniferous and mixed woodlands, especially alder and birch stands, feeding mainly on cone seeds and small herbaceous seeds. During breeding, pairs nest in mid-canopy conifers and raise 2–3 broods per year.

Black Grouse

Lyrurus tetrix

The Western Capercaillie, or Lyre Grouse, is a large bird primarily found in the coniferous forests and wooded areas of Eastern and Northern Europe, notably in Scandinavia, Russia, and Poland. It typically measures about 40 to 50 cm in length and weighs between 500 and 800 g. Its plumage is mainly brown and black, with white markings and red hues on the chest. The Lyre Grouse is particularly famous for the spectacular courtship dance of the male, who spreads his feathers in a lyre shape to attract a female. It primarily inhabits dense forest habitats and feeds on berries, seeds, young shoots, and insects. While its population remains relatively stable in some areas, the Lyre Grouse is threatened by habitat loss, deforestation, and human disturbances.

Wallcreeper

Tichodroma muraria

The Wallcreeper is a small bird found primarily in rocky cliffs and mountains of Europe, notably in the Alps, the Pyrenees, and the Carpathians. It typically measures about 14 to 16 cm in length and weighs between 12 and 20 g. Its plumage is characterized by distinct patterns of white, gray, and black, with very prominent white markings on its wings. The Wallcreeper is an excellent climber, capable of moving on almost vertical rock faces thanks to its strong claws. It primarily feeds on insects, small arachnids, and larvae that it finds in rock crevices. Although it is a relatively rare bird, the Wallcreeper is threatened by the disturbance of its rocky habitats, particularly due to urbanization and the exploitation of natural resources.

Eurasian wryneck

Jynx torquill

The Eurasian Wryneck is a small bird of the woodpecker family, primarily found in open forests and clearings across Europe, especially in France, Spain, Italy, and Russia. It typically measures about 22 cm in length and weighs between 50 and 60 g. Its plumage is mainly brown, with dark spot-like patterns on the back and wings, and a light-colored throat. The Eurasian Wryneck feeds primarily on ants and other insects that it finds on tree trunks or branches. It is often observed pecking at tree bark in search of food. While its population is generally stable, the Eurasian Wryneck is sometimes threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation and changes in agriculture.

Keel-billed toucan

Ramphastos sulfuratus

The Keel-billed Toucan is a large, colorful bird found primarily in the tropical forests of Central America, notably in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. It typically measures about 50 cm in length and weighs between 400 and 500 g. Its plumage is mainly black, with a bright yellow chest and face, and it is easily recognizable by its large, colorful bill, which is primarily orange with shades of red and yellow. The Keel-billed Toucan primarily feeds on fruits, berries, and nuts, but can also consume insects and small reptiles. It generally lives in social groups and is an excellent climber, spending much of its time in trees. While its population remains relatively stable, the Keel-billed Toucan is sometimes threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation.

Collared Aracari

Pteroglossus torquatus

The Pteroglossus torquatus, known as the collared aracari, is a vibrant bird belonging to the Ramphastidae family. It is characterized by its striking plumage, predominantly black body, bright yellow chest, and distinctive red collar. Its long, curved beak is essential for feeding on fruits, insects, and occasionally small vertebrates. This toucan primarily inhabits the tropical rainforests of Central America, from southern Mexico to Panama. It is often seen in small groups, moving nimbly through the canopy. Although relatively common in its natural habitat, deforestation poses an increasing threat to its populations.

Yellow-throated toucan

Ramphastos ambiguus

The Yellow-throated Toucan is a colorful bird found primarily in the tropical forests of Central America, notably in Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua, and Honduras. It typically measures about 50 cm in length and weighs between 400 and 600 g. Its plumage is mainly black, with a bright yellow throat and chest, and it has a wide, colorful bill, typically yellow with touches of red and orange. The Yellow-throated Toucan is primarily frugivorous, feeding on fruits, berries, and nuts, but it can also consume insects and small vertebrates. It generally lives in small social groups and is an excellent climber, spending much of its time in trees. While it remains relatively stable in certain areas, it is sometimes threatened by deforestation and habitat loss.

Toco toucan

Ramphastos tucanus

The toco toucan is the largest toucan species (55–65 cm long), with black plumage and a white throat topped by a large bright orange bill. It inhabits tropical humid forests and woodland savannas in South America, feeding on fruits, insects, and small vertebrates. During the breeding season (February to June), it nests in tree cavities and pairs perform aerial display flights.

Emerald Toucanet

Aulacorhynchus prasinus

The Emerald Toucanet is a small forest toucan recognizable by its vibrant green plumage, bicolored bill, and compact size. Males and females are very similar, though males may have a slightly longer bill. It inhabits humid mountain forests of Central and South America, from Mexico to northern Bolivia, often seen in small groups in the canopy or foraging for fruit. It is omnivorous, feeding on fruit, insects, small reptiles, and occasionally bird eggs. Though locally threatened by deforestation, it remains widespread overall.

Livingstone's Turaco

Tauraco corythaix

The Livingstone's Turaco, or Tauraco corythaix, is a captivating bird native to the forests of southern Africa. It is easily identifiable by its bright green plumage, red wings visible in flight, and distinctive crest. Measuring about 40 cm in length, this bird has a short, powerful beak, perfect for feeding on fruits, flowers, and insects. Turacos are known for their agile flight and ability to move swiftly through dense canopies. They typically live in small family groups and are often seen feeding or resting in trees. Their call is a mix of cries and whistles, adding a unique soundscape to their natural habitat.

Ruddy turnstone

Arenaria interpres

The Ruddy Turnstone is a small migratory bird primarily found on rocky and sandy coastal areas in Europe, Asia, and North America. It typically measures about 22 cm in length and weighs between 60 and 100 g. Its plumage is characterized by earthy colors, with black, brown, and white patches, and a distinctive black band around the neck, which gives it its name. The Ruddy Turnstone primarily feeds on small invertebrates found by probing rocks and beaches, such as crustaceans, mollusks, and worms. It is an excellent migrant, traveling long distances between its breeding sites in Europe and its wintering grounds in Africa and Asia. While its population remains stable in some areas, it is threatened by the loss of its coastal habitat due to urbanization and pollution.

European Turtle Dove

Streptopelia turtur

The Turtle Dove is a small, slender dove measuring between 25 and 28 cm in length with a wingspan of 45 to 50 cm. Its plumage is characterized by a rosy chest, a back speckled with black, and a gray-blue head adorned with black and white spots on the neck. It emits a soft, rolling cooing sound, often heard in spring and summer. It frequents clear woods, hedges, and open agricultural areas, where it feeds primarily on seeds fallen to the ground. Breeding occurs from May to July, with one or two clutches of two white eggs. The young leave the nest between 19 and 21 days after hatching. A migratory species, it winters in sub-Saharan Africa. Listed as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN.

Mourning Dove

Zenaida macroura

The Mourning Dove, Zenaida macroura, is an elegant and graceful bird, easily recognizable by its light brown plumage and black spots on the wings. It features a long, tapered tail and dark eyes surrounded by a pale ring. This bird is widespread across North America, inhabiting various environments from urban areas to open countryside. The Mourning Dove is known for its melancholic song, a soft cooing often heard at dawn and dusk. It primarily feeds on seeds, which it pecks from the ground. Although often seen in pairs or small groups, it can form large flocks during migrations.

Eurasian Collared Dove

Streptopelia decaocto

The Eurasian Collared Dove is a medium-sized dove, measuring about 32 cm in length with a wingspan of 47 to 55 cm. Its plumage is grayish-beige with pinkish hues on the head and chest. It is characterized by a black half-collar edged with white on the back of its neck. It emits a soft cooing sound, often described as "hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo." Originally from South Asia, it has rapidly expanded into Europe, North Africa, and the Americas. It frequents urban, suburban, and agricultural areas, feeding primarily on seeds, berries, and buds. Breeding can occur year-round, with an average of three to four broods per year. The young leave the nest about 19 days after hatching. The species is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN.

Satyr Tragopan

Tragopan satyra

The Satyr Tragopan is a fascinating bird native to the mountainous forests of the Himalayas. This medium-sized pheasant is particularly remarkable for its striking plumage. The male displays vibrant colors, with shades of red, orange, and blue, while the female is more subdued with brown and gray tones, allowing her to blend effectively into her surroundings. The Satyr Tragopan is known for its spectacular courtship displays, where the male spreads his feathers and emits loud calls to attract a mate. It primarily feeds on vegetation, seeds, and insects. Although its habitat is threatened by deforestation, it remains relatively common in some areas.

Wheatear

Oenanthe oenanthe

The wheatear is a small ground-dwelling bird found primarily in meadows, cultivated lands, and rocky areas across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is easily recognized by its contrasting plumage, with a brown back, white belly, and a black head. This small bird is especially active and restless, often seen hopping on the ground in search of insects and small arthropods. It frequently perches on rocks or grasses to survey its surroundings.

Black-eared wheatear

Oenanthe hispanica

The black-eared wheatear is a small passerine, 14–15 cm long, with contrasting plumage: pale grey crown and back, black wings and tail, white throat and a black eye stripe. It inhabits steppes, rocky slopes, scrub and open plains in southern Europe and Western Asia, feeding on insects and spiders on the ground or during low flights. During breeding (April to July), the male performs aerial displays and sings from a perch to attract the female and defend its territory.

Wren

Troglodytes troglodytes

The wren is a small, highly active songbird found mainly in forests, gardens, and hedgerows across Europe and Asia. It is easily recognized by its small size, brownish-red plumage, and its often-raised tail in the shape of a 'V'. This passerine is highly territorial and primarily feeds on insects and small invertebrates. Although it is fairly discreet, its powerful song is one of the most remarkable among small birds.

Black-headed trogon

Trogon melanocephalus

The Black-headed Trogon is a colorful bird found primarily in the tropical and subtropical forests of Central and South America, notably in Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama. It typically measures about 25 to 30 cm in length and weighs between 90 and 120 g. Its plumage is especially vibrant, with a black head contrasting with a brightly colored body, primarily green and red. The Black-headed Trogon primarily feeds on fruits, berries, and small insects. It is often observed in dense forests, where it enjoys perching on tree branches. While its population remains relatively stable, it is sometimes threatened by deforestation and the loss of its natural habitat.

Massena's trogon

Trogon de Masséna

The Massena's Trogon is a colorful bird found primarily in the humid tropical forests and wooded areas of Central America, particularly in Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua. It typically measures about 26 to 30 cm in length and weighs between 90 and 120 g. Its plumage is vibrantly colored, with a green and red body, a yellow chest, and a black head, giving it a distinct appearance. The Massena's Trogon primarily feeds on fruits, berries, and small insects that it finds in the trees. It is often observed perched on branches, where it moves calmly and discreetly. While its population remains stable in some areas, it is sometimes threatened by deforestation and the loss of its natural habitat.

Slaty-tailed Trogon

Trogon massena

The Slaty-tailed Trogon is a colorful and fascinating bird, primarily found in the dense tropical forests of Central and South America. It is distinguished by its vibrant plumage, with an emerald green head and chest, bright red belly, and slate-blue tail. Both males and females exhibit similar colors, although females have slightly duller shades. This bird is often seen quietly perched in the canopy, feeding on fruits and insects. Its distinctive call, a deep "cow-cow," echoes through the forest. Although relatively tolerant of human presence, it prefers remote habitats away from disturbances.

Northern Lapwing

Vanellus vanellus

The Northern Lapwing is a medium-sized bird found primarily in grasslands, fields, and wetlands across Europe, Western Asia, and the Middle East. It typically measures about 28 to 32 cm in length and weighs between 150 and 200 g. Its plumage is primarily black and white, with a distinctive crest on its head and a white belly. The Northern Lapwing is a ground-dwelling bird that primarily feeds on insects, worms, and other small invertebrates found in the soil. It is also known for its ground nesting behaviors, often in colonies. While its population remains stable in some areas, the Northern Lapwing is threatened by habitat loss due to intensive agriculture and land degradation.

Southern Lapwing

Vanellus chilensis

The Southern Lapwing, or Vanellus chilensis, is a striking bird from the Charadriidae family, easily identified by its grey and white plumage, black wings, and distinctive call. It is commonly found in open grasslands, wetlands, and agricultural fields across South America. This bird is notably territorial, often defending its space against intruders, including humans. It primarily feeds on insects, worms, and small invertebrates by pecking at the ground. The Southern Lapwing is also known for its distraction displays, feigning injury to lure predators away from its nest.

Rüppell's vulture

Gyps rueppelli

The Rüppell's vulture is a large carrion-feeding raptor, 85–95 cm tall with a wingspan of 230–265 cm, featuring dark brown plumage and a pale bare head. It inhabits mountain cliffs and savannas of East and Central Africa, feeding mainly on large mammal carcasses. During breeding, it nests in dense colonies on cliff ledges, and pairs sometimes perform group display flights above their nests.

Griffon Vulture

Gyps fulvus

The Griffon Vulture is a large bird of prey found primarily in the mountains, hills, and rocky areas of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It typically measures between 93 and 110 cm in length, with a wingspan of 2.5 to 2.8 meters, and weighs between 6 and 12 kg. Its plumage is mainly light brown, with white feathers around its neck and head, and a large area of bare skin on the neck. The Griffon Vulture is a scavenger, primarily feeding on animal carcasses. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by cleaning up carcasses and preventing the spread of diseases. While its population has declined in some regions, the Griffon Vulture benefits from conservation programs, but it remains threatened by habitat loss, illegal hunting, and poisoning.

Cinereous vulture

Aegypius monachus

The Monk Vulture is a large bird of prey found primarily in the mountains of Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, with populations in Spain, Bulgaria, and Greece. It typically measures between 80 and 100 cm in length, with a wingspan of 2.3 to 2.8 meters, and weighs between 7 and 12 kg. Its plumage is mainly dark brown, with a bare head, distinguishing it from other vultures. The Monk Vulture is a scavenger, primarily feeding on animal carcasses, and plays a crucial ecological role in helping to remove carcasses and prevent the spread of diseases. While it is protected in many regions, it remains threatened by habitat loss, poaching, and poisoning.

Lappet-faced Vulture

Torgos tracheliotos

The Lappet-faced Vulture, Torgos tracheliotos, is a large scavenging bird native to Africa, easily identifiable by its bare head and distinctive skin folds around the neck. With a wingspan reaching up to 2.9 meters, it is one of the largest African vultures. Its plumage is primarily dark brown, contrasting with its pale pink head. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by cleaning up carcasses, which helps prevent the spread of diseases. This vulture prefers open savannas, semi-deserts, and arid regions, where it can easily spot its prey. Unfortunately, it is threatened by habitat loss, poisoning, and illegal hunting.

Vulture papa

Sarcoramphus papa

The King vulture is a large raptor from the Cathartidae family, recognizable by its bare red head and dark plumage. This vulture, which inhabits mainly the forests and savannas of Central and South America, primarily feeds on carrion, which it finds thanks to its excellent sense of sight and smell. It plays an essential ecological role in cleaning ecosystems. Despite its imposing size, it is often seen flying alone or in small groups. While protected, it is threatened by habitat loss and poisons used in certain hunting practices.

Eurasian greenfinch

Chloris chloris

The Eurasian greenfinch is a small passerine bird found primarily in gardens, hedgerows, and open woodlands across Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is distinguished by its bright green and yellow plumage, as well as its distinctive song. This small bird primarily feeds on seeds, which it finds in grasses, bushes, or on the ground. It is also known for its ability to emit powerful and clear sounds, often heard during its breeding season.

Animal Species Profiles:

Mammals, Birds, Reptiles & More

Alpine accentor

Dunnock

Wedge-tailed eagle

Booted Eagle

Common eagle

Philippine eagle

Eastern imperial eagle

Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle

Ornate Hawk-Eagle

Lesser spotted eagle

Tawny Eagle

Royal Eagle

Little Egret

Black-browed albatross

Royal albatross

Lesser short-toed lark

Eurasian skylark

Lulu’s lark

Anhinga

African Pygmy Goose

Blue-and-yellow Macaw

Red-and-green Macaw

Scarlet macaw

Rothschild's astrapia

Goshawk

Ostrich

Somali ostrich

Pied Avocet

Osprey

Black-tailed Godwit

Bar-tailed Godwit

Secretarybird

Crossbill

Shoebill stork

Woodcock

Sanderling

Dunlin

Purple sandpiper

Common Snip

Jack Snip

Great Snipe

Gray wagtail

White wagtail

Yellow wagtail

Red-breasted goose

Black-crowned Night-Heron

Little Bittern

Honey Buzzard

Eurasian bullfinch

Cirl bunting

Snow Bunting

Reed bunting

Yellowhammer

Yellowhammer

Ortolan bunting

Corn bunting

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Montagu's Harrier

Marsh Harrier

Pallid Harrier

Hen Harrier

Common Buzzard

Eurasian Bittern

Pinnated bittern

Cockatoo

Sulphur-crested Cockatoo

Quail

Oriental Pied Hornbill

Red-billed Hornbill

Yellow-billed hornbill

Great hornbill

Rhinoceros Hornbill

Gadwall

Mandarin duck

Northern pintail

Eurasian wigeon

Northern Shoveler

Red-throated Caracara